Are the rheological properties of water-based and synthetic drilling fluids obtained by the Fann 35A viscometer reliable?

Fernandes, Rubens Rosario; Turezo, Guilherme; Andrade, Diogo E. V.; Franco, A.; Negrão, Cezar Otaviano Ribeiro

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2019.02.063

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The rheological properties of the drilling fluids were tested using a ZNN‐6 six‐speed rotating viscometer (Qingdao Haitongda Special Instrument Co., Ltd.). Moreover, based on the API‐recommended standard, the Herschel‐Bulkley model for the drilling fluids as non‐Newtonian fluids are suggested, and the expression is given by:

Herschel - Bulkley model : τ_{w} = τ_{0} + K \cdot {\overset{γ}{true}}_{w}^{n},

where

τ_{w}

is the wall shear stress,

{\dot{γ}}_{w}

is the wall shear rate,

τ_{0}

is the yield stress,

K

is the consistency index, and

n

is the flow index. For the sake of accuracy, the Herschel‐Bulkley parameters were fitted by Equation ().…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, the operation must meet specific experimental conditions. Rotary and vibrating wire viscometers have complex structures, require a power supply for measurements, and have limited use in field operations. By contrast, the Marsh funnel has a simple structure, convenient operation, and easily accessible data; thus, they are widely used to measure the rheology of drilling fluids and cement pastes in laboratory and field operations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rheological analysis of Newtonian and non‐Newtonian fluids using Marsh funnel: Experimental study and computational fluid dynamics modeling

Zheng

Huang

2020

Energy Science & Engineering

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In the drilling industry, Marsh funnel viscosity is only a dynamic viscosity and cannot characterize actual rheology. Thus, measuring rheology using a Marsh funnel has been drawing considerable attention. In this study, we develop simplified mathematical models for wall shear rate, wall shear stress, and their consistency plots. Moreover, we propose mathematical models for the rheological parameters of Newtonian and non‐Newtonian fluids. We compare the results of the present model with those of a ZNN‐6 viscometer, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, and other analytical models. According to the quantitative analysis results, the average systematic error of the Newtonian, apparent, and plastic viscosities between the present model and the ZNN‐6 viscometer measurements is 1.35%, 8.18%, and 5.42%, respectively. The average systematic error of the yield stress is 21.43%, which is under the controllable scope. Meanwhile, results of the qualitative analysis reveal that the present model for the wall shear rate and stress agrees with the CFD model. Moreover, the flow field inside the Marsh funnel is axisymmetric and has a component velocity in the horizontal direction. In summary, the proposed model is accurate, concise, available for field applications, and beneficial for a successful and safe drilling operation. Furthermore, the CFD approach is a necessary complement to exploring the actual field flow inside the Marsh funnel.

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Herschel - Bulkley model : τ_{w} = τ_{0} + K \cdot {\overset{γ}{true}}_{w}^{n},

where

τ_{w}

is the wall shear stress,

{\dot{γ}}_{w}

is the wall shear rate,

τ_{0}

is the yield stress,

K

is the consistency index, and

n

is the flow index. For the sake of accuracy, the Herschel‐Bulkley parameters were fitted by Equation ().…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological analysis of Newtonian and non‐Newtonian fluids using Marsh funnel: Experimental study and computational fluid dynamics modeling

Zheng

Huang

2020

Energy Science & Engineering

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“…that several studies were done just on laminar flow of non-Newtonian fluids through sudden contractions, but not in the turbulent regime. Also, most experimental studies for non-Newtonian fluids did not agree with one another or with analytical and numerical solutions (FESTER et al, 2008).…”

Section: Problem Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The drilling fluid used during the drilling of oil wells flows into a drill string and inner channels, which implies the passage through sudden contractions. This results in pressure and energy losses (FESTER et al, 2008), the appearance of secondary flow regions such as vortex structures. Figure 1.1 shows an schematic representation' for the flow of the drilling fluid into a drilling string.…”

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visualization of Viscoplastic Fluid Flow in an Abrupt Contraction Using Particle Image Velocimetry

Blanco¹,

Urazaki²,

Franco³

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the 25th International Congress of Mechanical Engineering

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The viscoplastic fluid flow of Carbopol solutions is investigated in the following experimental study, for laminar and turbulent regime through an abrupt contraction with an aspect ratio of β = 1.85. The pressure drop profile and the pressure drop coefficient at the contraction are obtained for different entrance Reynolds numbers, Re D . The velocity vector fields are obtained for Re D between 1 and 10 000, using the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV-2D). Mean velocity vector field and first-order turbulent quantities such as radial and axial velocity fluctuations are obtained, as well as centerline velocity behavior, vortex structures, and visualization of unyielded regions. It is observed that the pressure drop coefficient for viscoplastic fluid flow is dependent on the Re D for the laminar regime, and reaches a constant value for turbulent conditions, exhibiting good agreement with data available on the literature. The velocity profiles along the test section present lower values than those obtained for Newtonian fluids in both regimes and vary their behavior according to the rheological properties for each viscoplastic solution. Besides, the turbulent fluctuations approach the Newtonian behavior, with a slight difference for the radial profiles. The unyielded regions are deformed as the Reynolds number is increased and are replaced by vortex structures as the flow reaches transitional conditions, obtaining a variation of the effective diameter at the entrance of the contraction. The growth and changes of the vortex structure are studied using quantitative techniques based on the strain rate and the vorticity tensors, to gain accurate and better information about the behavior for these structures into the viscoplastic fluid flow. Finally, a relation was found for the entrance Reynolds number and the Reynolds number at the contraction plane, which is not dependent on the rheological parameters due to the high shear rates in this region.

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Rheological characterization of viscoplastic fluid flow in a pipe with wall slip using in situ particle image velocimetry

et al. 2022

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Are the rheological properties of water-based and synthetic drilling fluids obtained by the Fann 35A viscometer reliable?

Cited by 16 publications

References 44 publications

Rheological analysis of Newtonian and non‐Newtonian fluids using Marsh funnel: Experimental study and computational fluid dynamics modeling

Rheological analysis of Newtonian and non‐Newtonian fluids using Marsh funnel: Experimental study and computational fluid dynamics modeling

Visualization of Viscoplastic Fluid Flow in an Abrupt Contraction Using Particle Image Velocimetry

Rheological characterization of viscoplastic fluid flow in a pipe with wall slip using in situ particle image velocimetry

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