Are the Male Body Dissatisfaction and Drive for Muscularity Scales reliable and valid instruments?

Dakanalis, Antonios; Timko, C. Alix; Madeddu, Fabio; Volpato, Chiara; Clerici, Massimo; Riva, Giuseppe; Zanetti, A.M.

doi:10.1177/1359105313498108

Cited by 47 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Based on the postulation of the socio-cultural model and recent empirical findings (Stice, 1994; Stice and Shaw, 2002; Stice et al, 2007; Dakanalis et al, 2012, 2013a, 2014; Dakanalis and Riva, 2013), we also examined overall body dissatisfaction, desire to be thin, desire to be muscular, and low self-esteem as mediators of the internalization of sociocultural standards of beauty-disordered eating relationship. To accomplish these goals, we recruited a sample from three separate universities and the broader LGB community via online survey.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While gay men and heterosexual women both report heightened drive for thinness (Hunt et al, 2012), gay men additionally report increased drive for muscularity, a trait shared with heterosexual men (Yelland and Tiggemann, 2003; Duggan and McCreary, 2004; Brennan et al, 2012). Thus, regardless of sexual orientation, men report elevated preoccupation with enhancing musculature which is also associated with maladaptive weight/shape control behaviors (e.g., Yelland and Tiggemann, 2003; Dakanalis et al, 2013a). There is less research regarding body ideals of lesbian women, but studies suggest that body ideals tend not to vary from heterosexual women (Feldman and Meyer, 2007; Peplau et al, 2009; Koff et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The relationship of sex and sexual orientation to self-esteem, body shape satisfaction, and eating disorder symptomatology

et al. 2013

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is increasing interest in understanding what role, if any, sex and sexual orientation play in body dissatisfaction, its correlates to distress, and its relationship to disordered eating. The goals of the present study were to examine: (a) differences in sex and sexual orientation in internalization of societal pressure to modify physical appearance, components of body image dissatisfaction, self-esteem, and eating disorder symptomatology and (b) whether the internalization-eating disorder symptomatology was mediated by the different components of body image dissatisfaction and low self-esteem. The present data support several key trends in the literature: men generally reported less body dissatisfaction, internalization of socio-cultural standards of beauty, drive for thinness, and disordered eating, but a greater drive for muscularity than women; results also indicated that different components of body image dissatisfaction and low self-esteem partially mediated the relationship between internalization and eating disorder symptomatology. Gay men reported significantly more body dissatisfaction, internalization, eating disorder symptomatology, drive for thinness, and drive for muscularity than heterosexual men. Compared to heterosexual women, lesbians reported increased drive for muscularity, lower self-esteem, and lower internalization; however, they did not significantly differ on body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness or disordered eating. Correlation coefficients between body shape dissatisfaction and several aspects of mental distress were significantly larger for gay men than heterosexual men; the same coefficients did not differ between lesbian women and heterosexual women. Results of path analyses indicated that the relationship between internalization and disordered eating differs for gay and heterosexual men but not for lesbian and heterosexual women. These results call attention to lesbians as a generally understudied population.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship of sex and sexual orientation to self-esteem, body shape satisfaction, and eating disorder symptomatology

et al. 2013

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As the design of our studies precludes long term examination of the stability of the SAAS and of ME/I over time, future studies need to address these issues. How the SAAS affects additional specific behaviours that are associated with concerns about appearance (i.e., compulsive exercising, or anabolic steroid use [76][77][78][79][80][81][82]) needs to be also elucidated. Finally, in this work the DSM-IV criteria for EDs and SAD [28] were used as data were collected before the official publication of the DSM-5 [83].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Social Appearance Anxiety Scale in Italian Adolescent Populations: Construct Validation and Group Discrimination in Community and Clinical Eating Disorders Samples

Dakanalis

Carrà

Calogero

et al. 2015

Child Psychiatry Hum Dev

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Anxiety in situations where one's overall appearance (including body shape) may be negatively evaluated is hypothesized to play a central role in Eating Disorders (EDs) and in their co-occurrence with Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD). Three studies were conducted among community (N = 1995) and clinical (N = 703) ED samples of 11-to 18-year-old Italian girls and boys to (a) evaluate the psychometric qualities and measurement equivalence/invariance (ME/I) of the Social Appearance Anxiety (SAA) Scale (SAAS) and (b) determine to what extent SAA or other situational domains of social anxiety related to EDs distinguish adolescents with an ED only from those with SAD. Results upheld the one-factor structure and ME/I of the SAAS across samples, gender, age categories, and diagnostic status (i.e., ED participants with and without comorbid SAD). The SAAS demonstrated high internal consistency and 3-week test-retest reliability. The strength of the inter-relationships between SAAS and measures of body image, teasing about appearance, ED symptoms, depression, social anxiety, avoidance, and distress, as well as the ability of SAAS to discriminate community adolescents with high and low levels of ED symptoms and community participants from ED participants provided construct validity evidence. Only SAA strongly differentiated adolescents with any ED from those with comorbid SAD (23.2 %). Latent mean comparisons across all study groups were performed and discussed.

show abstract

“…However, different studies also underline the possible role of self-objectification in the etiology of male EDs (Dakanalis et al, 2012, 2013a,b, 2014b). Specifically in males, self-objectification is manifested as body surveillance (Dakanalis and Riva, 2013a).…”

Section: From Cognitive Sciences To Eating Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Out of my real body: cognitive neuroscience meets eating disorders

Riva

2014

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Clinical psychology is starting to explain eating disorders (ED) as the outcome of the interaction among cognitive, socio-emotional and interpersonal elements. In particular two influential models—the revised cognitive-interpersonal maintenance model and the transdiagnostic cognitive behavioral theory—identified possible key predisposing and maintaining factors. These models, even if very influential and able to provide clear suggestions for therapy, still are not able to provide answers to several critical questions: why do not all the individuals with obsessive compulsive features, anxious avoidance or with a dysfunctional scheme for self-evaluation develop an ED? What is the role of the body experience in the etiology of these disorders? In this paper we suggest that the path to a meaningful answer requires the integration of these models with the recent outcomes of cognitive neuroscience. First, our bodily representations are not just a way to map an external space but the main tool we use to generate meaning, organize our experience, and shape our social identity. In particular, we will argue that our bodily experience evolves over time by integrating six different representations of the body characterized by specific pathologies—body schema (phantom limb), spatial body (unilateral hemi-neglect), active body (alien hand syndrome), personal body (autoscopic phenomena), objectified body (xenomelia) and body image (body dysmorphia). Second, these representations include either schematic (allocentric) or perceptual (egocentric) contents that interact within the working memory of the individual through the alignment between the retrieved contents from long-term memory and the ongoing egocentric contents from perception. In this view EDs may be the outcome of an impairment in the ability of updating a negative body representation stored in autobiographical memory (allocentric) with real-time sensorimotor and proprioceptive data (egocentric).

show abstract

Are the Male Body Dissatisfaction and Drive for Muscularity Scales reliable and valid instruments?

Cited by 47 publications

References 38 publications

The relationship of sex and sexual orientation to self-esteem, body shape satisfaction, and eating disorder symptomatology

The relationship of sex and sexual orientation to self-esteem, body shape satisfaction, and eating disorder symptomatology

The Social Appearance Anxiety Scale in Italian Adolescent Populations: Construct Validation and Group Discrimination in Community and Clinical Eating Disorders Samples

Out of my real body: cognitive neuroscience meets eating disorders

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About