Are the “little muscles” what we think they are ?

Bastide, G; Zadeh, J; Lefebvre, D.

doi:10.1007/bf02098690

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…In addition, the lumbar spine also consists of a wide array of uni‐segmental muscles, probably responsible for the fine tuning of motor responses. Uni‐segmental muscles exert less force but possess a two to six times higher density of muscle spindles compared to multisegmental spinal muscles responsible for movement [Bastide et al, ]. Proprioceptive information is mandatory to select neural control strategies for the stabilization of the spine, as accurate muscles have to be facilitated and the magnitude of activation level must be scaled appropriately.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cortical and cerebellar representation of the lumbar spine

Boendermaker

Meier

Luechinger

et al. 2014

Human Brain Mapping

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Eight decades after Penfield's discovery of the homunculus only sparse evidence exists on the cortical representation of the lumbar spine. The aim of our investigation was the description of the lumbar spine's cortical representation in healthy subjects during the application of measured manual pressure. Twenty participants in the prone position were investigated during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). An experienced manual therapist applied non-painful, posterior-to-anterior (PA) pressure on three lumbar spinous processes (L1, L3, and L5). The pressure (30 N) was monitored and controlled by sensors. The randomized stimulation protocol consisted of 68 pressure stimuli of 5 s duration. Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) responses were analyzed in relation to the lumbar stimulations. The results demonstrate that controlled PA pressure on the lumbar spine induced significant activation patterns. The major new finding was a strong and consistent activation bilaterally in the somatosensory cortices (S1 and S2). In addition, bilateral activation was located medially in the anterior cerebellum. The activation pattern also included other cortical areas probably related to anticipatory postural adjustments. These revealed stable somatosensory maps of the lumbar spine in healthy subjects can subsequently be used as a baseline to investigate cortical and subcortical reorganization in low back pain patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cortical and cerebellar representation of the lumbar spine

Boendermaker

Meier

Luechinger

et al. 2014

Human Brain Mapping

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“…The deep flexors and extensors of the cervical spine, although they do not play a direct role in respiration, are important dynamic elements for correct posture, muscle balance and segmental stability. Known as 'active ligaments' (49), these muscles could have an impact on kinetic control, not only on the specific area but also on articulations related to it such as in the shoulder or thoracic spine (50). During respiration, there is a need for stability within the cervical and thoracic spine in order for the muscles to act in moving the ribs up or down.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory Dysfunction in Chronic Neck Pain Patients. A Pilot Study

Kapreli¹,

Vourazanis²,

Billis³

et al. 2009

Cephalalgia

107

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The aim of this pilot study was to add weight to a hypothesis according to which patients presenting with chronic neck pain could have a predisposition towards respiratory dysfunction. Twelve patients with chronic neck pain and 12 matched controls participated in this study. Spirometric values, maximal static pressures, forward head posture and functional tests were examined in all subjects. According to the results, chronic neck patients presented with a statistically significant decreased maximal voluntary ventilation (P = 0.042) and respiratory muscle strength (Pimax and Pemax), (P = 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). Furthermore, the current study demonstrated a strong association between an increased forward head posture and decreased respiratory muscle strength in neck pateits. The connection of neck pain and respiratory function could be an important consideration in relation to patient assessment, rehabilitation and consumption of pharmacological agents.

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“…In fact, this role seems more likely based upon the attachment sites of these segmental muscles. Their placement is often intimately involved to the axis of motion, thereby leaving these muscles at a disadvantage for producing motion (48). The lumbar muscles have the ability to detect minute changes in motion quickly, allowing for correction of the spine by the polysegmental muscles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscular Control of the Lumbar Spine

Gilchrist

Frey²,

Nadler³

2003

Pain Phys

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The lumbar spine has been the object of investigation since the era of Hippocrates. The lumbar spine consists of bone, cartilage, ligament, nerve, and muscle. The muscles provide the functional mechanism for movement and stability of the spine. They provide range of mo-tion allowing for performance of many essential activities of daily living, work, and leisure. These muscles serve a secondary role protecting the underlying lumbar spinal components by absorbing axial forces. This role can have serious implications in the development of lumbar spinal pain syndromes. In this article we will discuss the attachments of the lumbar muscles and their direct and indirect action on the lumbar spine.

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Are the “little muscles” what we think they are ?

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

The cortical and cerebellar representation of the lumbar spine

The cortical and cerebellar representation of the lumbar spine

Respiratory Dysfunction in Chronic Neck Pain Patients. A Pilot Study

Muscular Control of the Lumbar Spine

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