Are the determinants of CO2 emissions converging among OECD countries?

Camarero, Mariam; Picazo‐Tadeo, Andrés J.; Tamarit, Cecilio

doi:10.1016/j.econlet.2012.10.009

Cited by 102 publications

(59 citation statements)

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“…GDP 2 it is the square of per capita GDP and GDP 3 it refers to the cube of per capita GDP. As in all EKC evaluation studies (e.g., Grossman G M, Krueger A B, 1992 [26]), Equation (12) includes the square per capita GDP and cube per capita GDP, with their coefficients β 2 and β 3 representing the solution of the first-order condition and the second-order condition, which help to evaluate the shape of ECK between pollution and economic development [26]. Different shape of EKC could be found from Figure 5, and the decision rule could be shown as follows:…”

Section: Test Model Construction Of Environment Kuznets Curvementioning

confidence: 99%

“…One area examines carbon dioxide convergence problems, such as the study of Strazicich and List [11], who measured the carbon dioxide emissions from 21 OECD countries from 1960 to 1997 by time series and cross-sectional analysis, and verified the convergence. Camarero et al [12] found that per capita carbon dioxide emissions also converge in OECD countries and demonstrated that their decisive factors are convergence of energy intensity and carbonization index. The other area of study relates to the convergence of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Time-Spatial Convergence of Air Pollution and Regional Economic Growth in China

2017

Sustainability

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Abstract:The haze pollution caused by fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) emissions has become one of the most crucial topics of sustainable environmental governance in China. Using the average concentration of PM 2.5 in China's key cities from 2000 to 2012, as measured by aerosol optical depth, this study tested the time-spatial convergence of fine particulate matter pollution in China. The results show that there is a trend of absolute convergence between timespan and China's PM 2.5 emissions. At the same time, in the geographic areas divided by the east, middle and west zones, there is a significant difference in the convergence rate of PM 2.5. The growth rate of PM 2.5 in the middle and west zones is significantly higher than that of the east zone. The correlation test between regional economic growth and PM 2.5 emissions suggest a significant positive N-type Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) after considering spatial lag and spatial error effect.

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Section: Test Model Construction Of Environment Kuznets Curvementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-Spatial Convergence of Air Pollution and Regional Economic Growth in China

2017

Sustainability

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“…This approach has been criticized in the literature due to the assumption that the individual countries' growth rates are likely generated by an autoregressive process of order 1 (AR(1)) and that all permanent cross-economy differences must be completely controlled for (e.g., Friedman 1992;Quah 1993Quah , 1996. This critique has resulted in alternative approaches for testing emission convergence, including the distributional approach to r-convergence (e.g., Quah 1993Quah , 1996Aldy 2006;Camarero et al 2013) and the stochastic convergence approach (e.g., Carlino and Mills 1993;List 1999;Westerlund and Basher 2008). However, since we control for the key country-specific covariates as suggested by theory, we do not expect a significant violation of the assumptions on which the beta convergence approach is based.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of the studies in this strand of the literature measures EP either using CO 2 emissions as a ratio of population, CO 2 emissions as a ratio of GDP or energy consumption. Recent papers in this line of research includes: Strazicich and List (2003), Ngugen (2005), Aldy (2006Aldy ( , 2007, Ezcerra (2007), Panopoulou and Pantelidis (2009) Camarero et al (2008), Westerlund and Basher (2008), Brock and Taylor (2010), Camarero et al (2013), and Brännlund et.al (2015). These studies implemented various econometric methods from both parametric and non-parametric approaches to address the question of convergence in environmental performance measured simply as per capita CO 2 emissions, CO 2 emissions as a ratio of GDP or energy consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergence in global environmental performance: assessing heterogeneity

Brännlund

Karimu

2017

Environ Econ Policy Stud

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This paper examines convergence in environmental/carbon performance by constructing a measure based on production theory, where production processes explicitly result in the production of two outputs; a good output (GDP) and a bad output (CO 2 ). We use the derived measure to test the b-convergence hypothesis for a panel of 94 countries. The results reveal evidence in support of b-convergence in environmental, or carbon performance for the entire (global) sample and each of the sub-samples. The evidence points to a slower convergence rate for the high-income countries relative to low-income countries. Moreover, the rate of convergence does not vary with capital in the global sample, but does vary in the high-income sample, possibly reflecting differences in abatement cost induced by differences in the stringency of environmental regulation and enforcement. Additionally, we find evidence of a negative relation between environmental performance and fossil fuel share, both at the global level as well as at the middle and high sub-samples, which tend to vary with capital intensity. As such, the results conform to the results from studies on the dynamics of per capita emissions.

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“…Several papers have analysed convergence in emissions using variables such as per capita CO 2 emissions (representative papers include Lanne and Liski, 2004;Aldy, 2006Aldy, , 2007Ezcurra, 2007;Westerlund and Basher, 2008;Romero-Ávila, 2008;Chang, 2008 and2009;Barassi et al, 2008 andJobert et al, 2010;Ordás Criado and Grether, 2011) or, in fewer cases, CO 2 emissions over GDP (Camarero et al, 2012). However, most of these studies have only accounted for the environmental side of production processes, i.e., analyses based on variables such as per capita emissions, and/or they have only considered a single emission to represent the impact of economic activity on the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-Efficiency and Convergence in OECD Countries

Camarero

Castillo

Picazo‐Tadeo

et al. 2012

Environ Resource Econ

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176

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This paper assesses the convergence in eco-efficiency of a group of 22 OECD countries over the period 1980-2008. In doing so, three air pollutants representing the impact on the environment of economic activities are considered, namely, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), nitrogen oxides (NO X ) and sulphur oxides (SO X ); furthermore, eco-efficiency scores at both country and air-pollutant-specific level are computed using Data Envelopment Analysis techniques. Then, convergence is evaluated using the recent approach by Phillips and Sul (2007), which tests for the existence of convergence groups. First, we find that eco-efficiency has improved over the period, with the exception of NO X emissions. Second, Switzerland is the most eco-efficient country, followed by some Scandinavian economies, such as Sweden, Iceland, Norway and Denmark. In contrast, Southern European countries such as Portugal, Spain and Greece, in addition to Hungary, Turkey, Canada and the US, are among the worst performers. Finally, we find that both the most eco-efficient countries and the worst tend to form clubs of convergence. Eco-efficiency and convergence in OECD countriesAbstract: This paper assesses the convergence in eco-efficiency of a group of 22 OECD countries over the period 1980-2008. In doing so, three air pollutants representing the impact on the environment of economic activities are considered, namely, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), nitrogen oxides (NO X ) and sulphur oxides (SO X ); furthermore, eco-efficiency scores at both country and air-pollutantspecific level are computed using Data Envelopment Analysis techniques. Then, convergence is evaluated using the recent approach by Phillips and Sul (2007), which tests for the existence of convergence groups. First, we find that eco-efficiency has improved over the period, with the exception of NO X emissions. Second, Switzerland is the most eco-efficient country, followed by some Scandinavian economies, such as Sweden, Iceland, Norway and Denmark. In contrast, Southern European countries such as Portugal, Spain and Greece, in addition to Hungary, Turkey, Canada and the US, are among the worst performers. Finally, we find that both the most eco-efficient countries and the worst tend to form clubs of convergence.

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Are the determinants of CO2 emissions converging among OECD countries?

Cited by 102 publications

References 10 publications

Time-Spatial Convergence of Air Pollution and Regional Economic Growth in China

Time-Spatial Convergence of Air Pollution and Regional Economic Growth in China

Convergence in global environmental performance: assessing heterogeneity

Eco-Efficiency and Convergence in OECD Countries

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