Are the children alright? A systematic review of psychological adjustment of children conceived by assisted reproductive technologies

Abstract

The present systematic review aims to assess the psychological adjustment of children born through assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) and to screen for clinical problems when compared with normative data from the standardized indexes of mental health. Following PRISMA guidelines, the search was conducted from inception through September 2021 using APA PsycInfo, APA PsycArticles, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection, Academic Search Complete, Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Scielo, and RCAAP. Search terms related to ART and children’s psychological adjustment were combined to Boolean operators to identify relevant published studies in English, French, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish. Peer-reviewed studies focused on the psychological adjustment of ART children aged between the 3 and 11 years were included. From a total of 337 results, 45 papers were eligible to be included in this review. Data extraction was performed independently by two authors and revised and confirmed by other two authors. All children scored below the clinical range for psychiatric symptoms when compared with normative data for the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) or the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA), regardless of type of ART and different family configurations. Further, some evidence suggests that surrogacy children with gay fathers present the lowest levels of psychological problems when compared to normative data. These findings enable practitioners to develop an informed view of ART children mental health outcomes to help parents find more adaptive strategies to navigate their chosen pathways in healthier ways.

Parenting and psychological adjustment during middle childhood in lesbian, gay, and heterosexual parent families formed through assisted reproduction.

“…Nonetheless, longitudinal studies of children born to heterosexual parents through assisted reproduction have shown that, regardless of the developmental stage examined (i.e., infancy, childhood, adolescence), child development and parenting appear unrelated to assisted conception (for reviews, see Quintigliano et al, 2022; Teplitsky Carneiro et al, 2022; Zanchettin et al, 2022). In fact, in some cases, heterosexual parent families formed by sperm or egg donation score higher than heterosexual parent families through unassisted conception on child adjustment and parent–child relationship measures (Golombok, 2015).…”