Are the Brookhill–Wilk patents impediments to market growth in cybersurgery?

McLean, Thomas R.; Torrance, Andrew W.

doi:10.1002/rcs.176

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Data regarding costs and litigation of robotics and cyber-surgery versus conventional techniques in ophthalmology are limited. This may be responsible for the delay in this field [ 65 , 66 ]. Another drawback is the low number of qualified, trained surgeons in robotic surgery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robotics and cybersurgery in ophthalmology: a current perspective

Alafaleq

2023

J Robotic Surg

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ophthalmology is one of the most enriched fields, allowing the domain of artificial intelligence to be part of its point of interest in scientific research. The requirement of specialized microscopes and visualization systems presents a challenge to adapting robotics in ocular surgery. Cyber-surgery has been used in other surgical specialties aided by Da Vinci robotic system. This study focuses on the current perspective of using robotics and cyber-surgery in ophthalmology and highlights factors limiting their progression. A review of literature was performed with the aid of Google Scholar, Pubmed, CINAHL, MEDLINE (N.H.S. Evidence), Cochrane, AMed, EMBASE, PsychINFO, SCOPUS, and Web of Science. Keywords: Cybersurgery, Telesurgery, ophthalmology robotics, Da Vinci robotic system, artificial intelligence in ophthalmology, training on robotic surgery, ethics of the use of robots in medicine, legal aspects, and economics of cybersurgery and robotics. 150 abstracts were reviewed for inclusion, and 68 articles focusing on ophthalmology were included for full-text review. Da Vinci Surgical System has been used to perform a pterygium repair in humans and was successful in ex vivo corneal, strabismus, amniotic membrane, and cataract surgery. Gamma Knife enabled effective treatment of uveal melanoma. Robotics used in ophthalmology were: Da Vinci Surgical System, Intraocular Robotic Interventional Surgical System (IRISS), Johns Hopkins Steady-Hand Eye Robot and smart instruments, and Preceyes’ B.V. Cybersurgery is an alternative to overcome distance and the shortage of surgeons. However, cost, availability, legislation, and ethics are factors limiting the progression of these fields. Robotic and cybersurgery in ophthalmology are still in their niche. Cost-effective studies are needed to overcome the delay. Technologies, such as 5G and Tactile Internet, are required to help reduce resource scheduling problems in cybersurgery. In addition, prototype development and the integration of artificial intelligence applications could further enhance the safety and precision of ocular surgery.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robotics and cybersurgery in ophthalmology: a current perspective

Alafaleq

2023

J Robotic Surg

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To illustrate the value of such a clause, consider the following situation. (As the operation of a surgical robot is shrouded in the secrecy of patents (federal law) and trade secrets (state law) [31], this example is purely hypothetical. )…”

Section: Esi Discoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Robotic surgery litigation

McLean

Waxman

2010

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Like robotic surgery itself, the litigation that follows a robotic surgical misadventure is complex. This complexity is not only a reflection of a product's liability, but also because metadata are contained in surgical robots. Analogous to the ‘black box’ stored on airplanes, at the time of litigation, metadata may be a friend or a foe to the robot's manufacturer. This section provides an overview of the products liability law that can impact a robotic surgical manufacturer and concludes that for most surgical misadventures, a robotic surgical manufacturer will be better off if the surgical instrument stores large volumes of metadata.

show abstract

“…During the 1990s the USA (and other countries) liberally granted patents for medical processes. One of these patents was the Wilk-Brookhill (WB) patent for the performance of remote robotic surgery [14]. After Intuitive Surgical placed the da Vinci ® surgical robot on the market, the holder of the WB patent filed a lawsuit alleging that Intuitive Surgical had infringed on its patent.…”

Section: Intellectual Propertymentioning

confidence: 99%