Are the adverse consequences of cannabis use age‐dependent?

Solowij, Nadia; Grenyer, Brin F. S.

doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00243.x

Cited by 36 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Para explicar la variabilidad de resultados, se han propuesto diversos factores que influyen en el rendimiento neuropsicológico, como puede ser la severidad del consumo (Bolla, Brown, Eldreth, Tate y Cadet, 2002;Bolla, Eldreth, Matochik y Cadet, 2005;Whitlow et al, 2004), o la edad de inicio del consumo (Slowij y Grenyer, 2002). Según varios estudios (Gruber, Rogowska y Yurgelun-Todd, 2009;Pope, Gruber, Hundon, Cohane, Huestis y YurgelunTodd, 2003;Wilson, Mathew, Turkington, Hawk, Coleman y Provenzale, 2000), el inicio del consumo en edades tempranas puede estar asociado a una mayor vulnerabilidad del sistema nervioso central a los efectos del cannabis, produciendo en estos individuos alteraciones más estables.…”

Section: Iowa Gambling Taskunclassified

Toma de decisiones en consumidores de cannabis

Bailén¹,

Quesada

Valladares

2012

Adicciones

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Several neuropsychological studies have shown that chronic cannabis users have cognitive impairments, including decision-making process.Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the process, through the somatic marker hypothesis in a sample of 41 cannabis users compared with a control group of equal size, and to analyze the influence of age, sex, education level, age of onset and amount of daily consumption. In order to do that, the software "Cartas" (similar to the Iowa Gambling Task), was used, implementing its two versions: normal and reverse. The results show significant differences between cannabis users and control group in the normal and reverse task execution. By block analysis, the control group obtained higher scores in the normal task execution, however, in the reverse task, the differences between groups are present in the initial task execution but not final task execution. None of the analyzed variables (age, sex ...) are significantly related to task performance. These results suggest the existence of alterations in the decision making process of consumers cannabis, which may relate to the difficulty in generating somatic markers, and not for insensitivity punishments insensitivity.

show abstract

Section: Iowa Gambling Taskunclassified

Toma de decisiones en consumidores de cannabis

Bailén¹,

Quesada

Valladares

2012

Adicciones

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Adults who use marijuana chronically have demonstrated poorer performance on tests of learning and memory, attention, visuospatial skills, processing speed, and executive functions [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. However, some investigations have found no performance decrements among heavy cannabis users [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Marijuana In Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Marijuana Use on Neurocognitive Functioning in Adolescents

Schweinsburg

Brown²,

Tapert

2008

CDAR

214

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Marijuana use is common in adolescence, yet neural consequences have not been well delineated. This review seeks to ascertain whether heavy marijuana use in adolescence is associated with persistent neurocognitive abnormalities, and whether adolescents are more vulnerable to the impact of chronic marijuana use than adults.Among heavy marijuana using adults, neurocognitive deficits are apparent for several days following use, but may disappear after one month of abstinence. Studies of adolescent heavy users have identified impairments in learning and working memory up to six weeks after cessation, suggesting persisting effects, yet raise the possibility that abnormalities may remit with a longer duration of abstinence.Given ongoing neuromaturation during youth, adolescents may be more vulnerable to potential consequences of marijuana use than adults. This is supported by rodent models, which show greater memory impairments in animals exposed to cannabinoids as adolescents relative to those exposed as adults. Further, adult humans who initiated use in early adolescence show greater dysfunction than those who began use later. Together, these results suggest that adolescents are more vulnerable than adults to neurocognitive abnormalities associated with chronic heavy marijuana use; however, the impact of preexisting risk factors is unknown.Adolescents demonstrate persisting deficits related to heavy marijuana use for at least six weeks following discontinuation, particularly in the domains of learning, memory, and working memory. Further, adolescents appear more adversely affected by heavy use than adults. Longitudinal studies will help ascertain whether preexisting differences contribute to these abnormalities. KeywordsAdolescence; marijuana; cannabis; cognition; brain; development Marijuana is the most commonly used preparation of the psychoactive drug, Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and is consistently the most widely used illicit drug among teenagers, and most users first experiment in adolescence [1]. While 17% of 8th graders have tried marijuana, by 12th grade almost half of teens have used [1,2]. After initial experimentation, many youths develop a regular pattern of use, with 20% of 12th graders reporting use in the past month, and 5% of 12th graders reporting daily use [2]. Adolescence *Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Psychiatry, University of California, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, 151B San Diego, CA 92161, USA; Tel: (858)552-8585 x5592; stapert@ucsd.edu. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptCurr Drug Abuse Rev. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 February 19. Published in final edited form as:Curr Drug Abuse Rev. 2008 January ; 1(1): 99-111. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscriptis also a period of continued neuromaturation, yet the potential neural consequences of marijuana use during these developments have not been well established, and may have implications for academic, occupational, and social achievements. This review will a...

show abstract

“…Indeed, both anecdotally and in response to measures in this study, many younger participants expressed despair at their own inability to quit or reduce their consumption. Whatever the susceptibility mechanism, younger adolescent users do appear especially vulnerable to neuroadaptation to cannabis and developing symptoms of physiological dependence [57,58]. Hence, harnessing a burgeoning variety of innovative technologydelivered interventions [59], public health SEI initiatives should target vulnerable adolescents at risk/on a trajectory to cannabis dependence to arrest transition to more serious harms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis Use and Disorder Transitions Among a Mixed Community Sample of At-Risk Adolescents and Adults: A Prospective New Zealand Study

Bashford¹,

Copeland²,

Flett³

2013

TOADDJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction and Aims:The trajectories of cannabis use disorder (CUD) require more comprehensive delineation to expedite recognition of incubating dependence among high-risk users. This study examined baseline cannabis use and CUD over 12 months using DSM-IV/ICD10 diagnoses to distinguish transition groups. Design and Methods:In a prospective naturalistic design, 194 heterogeneous cannabis users (128 adolescents, 66 adults) aged 13-61 years were voluntarily recruited and assessed at baseline, and then re-assessed 12-months later.Results: Most participants met criteria for a baseline CUD (70% dependence, 20% abuse), 12 adolescents were 'diagnostic orphans', and 5 symptom-free. At follow-up, 25% adolescents reported using less, 6% the same level, and 69% using more cannabis. Significantly increased symptoms and dependence severity were reported, with no adolescent/adult differences evident. Three diagnostic transition groups were identified. While 84% adolescents (n=108) remained stable, 5% (n=7) had improved, 10% (n=13) had deteriorated. 'Deteriorators' scored significantly higher than 'improvers' on cannabis use, symptoms, and dependence severity measures. A subjective loss of control over cannabis use was among the earliest DSM-IV features among younger users on a trajectory towards dependence. Most participants (79%) anticipated difficulty trying to reduce/quit their use Discussion and Conclusions: Younger adolescents can rapidly develop cannabis dependence, reporting similar and equally severe symptoms as longer-term adult users. Impaired control over use occurs early in trajectories towards dependence. The seeming intractability of problematic cannabis use calls for concerted cannabis screening and early intervention (SEI) efforts at an earlier age to avert or reduce harmful consequences of cannabis use in the community.

show abstract

Are the adverse consequences of cannabis use age‐dependent?

Cited by 36 publications

References 18 publications

Toma de decisiones en consumidores de cannabis

Toma de decisiones en consumidores de cannabis

The Influence of Marijuana Use on Neurocognitive Functioning in Adolescents

Cannabis Use and Disorder Transitions Among a Mixed Community Sample of At-Risk Adolescents and Adults: A Prospective New Zealand Study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About