Are styrene oligomers in coastal sediments of an industrial area aryl hydrocarbon-receptor agonists?

Hong, Seongjin; Lee, Jung-Hyun; Lee, Changkeun; Yoon, Seo Joon; Jeon, Seungyeon; Kwon, Bong-Oh; Lee, Sang-Kwon; Giesy, John P.; Khim, Jong Seong

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2016.03.025

Cited by 50 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The high levels of contamination could be due to the number of anthropogenic activities carried out in the sampled sites (Saido et al, 2014), while low concentrations may be attributed to the remoteness of large-scale factories and the human population (Kwon et al, 2015). Although it is argued that the hydrophobicity of SOs prevents it from traveling to remote areas (Hong et al, 2016), Amamiya et al (2019) found a positive correlation between SOs concentration in sand and precipitation events in Tokyo Bay. This indicates that weather events could drive SOs from land sources to coastal areas.…”

Section: Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…SOs encompass styrene monomers (SMs), styrene dimers (SDs), and styrene trimers (STs) (ECHA, 2019). They are persistent pollutants (Kwon and Moon, 2019), and their presence in water, sediment, and soil have been reported in Europe, Asia, Africa, and America (Hong et al, 2016;Kwon et al, 2014Kwon et al, , 2015Kwon et al, , 2017Saido et al, 2014;Yoon et al, 2020). Furthermore, they are considered dangerous for aquatic environments and are suspected to be carcinogenic (ECHA, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global distribution of two polystyrene-derived contaminants in the marine environment: A review

De-la-Torre

Dioses-Salinas

Pizarro-Ortega

et al. 2020

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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Plastic pollution is one of the major issues impacting on the marine environment. Plastic polymers are known to leach industrial chemicals and associated contaminants. In this review, we focused on assessing the global distribution and concentration of two polystyrene-derived contaminants, hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) and styrene oligomers (SOs), in marine sediments and seawater. Overall, most of the studies were carried out in Asia, North America, and Europe. Relatively high concentrations of these contaminants are generally attributed to the proximity of urban cities, plastic industries, polystyrene pollution, and aquaculture. Moreover, the concentrations in sediments are many times higher than in seawater. HBCDs were found to be a negligible risk to marine biota when compared to the ecotoxicological endpoints. However, realistic concentrations of SOs could compromise the wellbeing of certain species in highly polluted sites. The future perspectives and research were discussed.

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Section: Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global distribution of two polystyrene-derived contaminants in the marine environment: A review

De-la-Torre

Dioses-Salinas

Pizarro-Ortega

et al. 2020

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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“…The observed cytotoxicity in deployed HIPS pellets and in the HIPS polymer blank indicates that the cause of the cytotoxicity originated from the pristine pellet itself. Indeed, the styrene monomer is known to be disruptive and carcinogenic to the endocrine system (Ohyama et al, 2001;Lithner et al, 2011), and some styrene dimers and trimers have been reported to act as weak AhR agonists (Hong et al, 2016). However, cytotoxic effects of polystyrene (PS) monomers or oligomers have not been reported in H4IIepGudluc1.1cells, to the best of our knowledge, although hepatotoxicity of styrene and styrene oxide has been reported in mice (Gadberry et al, 1996).…”

Section: Ahr-mediated Potencies Of Deployed Plasticsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The tentatively identified compound 1e-Phenyl-4e-(1phenylethyl)-tetralin, in fractions 9 to15 of pooled HIPS and blank HIPS, was found to be a styrene trimer of polystyrene and has been detected in extracts of sediments as residues of PS contamination (Hong et al, 2016), as well as in food packaging materials (Choi et al, 2005;Nakai et al, 2014). Some styrene trimers have been reported as weak AhR agonists (Hong et al, 2016), and it is possible that 1e-Phenyl-4e-(1phenylethyl)-tetralin contributed to the AhR-mediated response in fractions 12 and 14 of pooled HIPS, and fraction 12 of blank HIPS. However, it is unclear which isomer of 1e-Phenyl-4e-(1phenylethyl)-tetralin was present in the herein analyzed HIPS fractions.…”

Section: Chemical Analysis Of Fractionated Pooled Plastic Extracts Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect-Directed Analysis of Ah Receptor-Mediated Potencies in Microplastics Deployed in a Remote Tropical Marine Environment

Schönlau

Larsson

Dubocq

et al. 2019

Front. Environ. Sci.

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To facilitate the study of potential harmful compounds sorbed to microplastics, an effect-directed analysis using the DR CALUX ® assay as screening tool for Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-active compounds in extracts of marine deployed microplastics and chemical analysis of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) was conducted. Pellets of three plastic polymers [low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and high-impact polystyrene (HIPS)] were deployed at Heron Island in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, for up to 8 months. Detected AhR-mediated potencies (bio-TEQs) of extracted plastic pellets ranged from 15 to 100 pg/g. Contributions of target HOCs to the overall bioactivities were negligible. To identify the major contributors, remaining plastic pellets were used for fractionation with a gas chromatography (GC) fractionation platform featuring parallel mass spectrometric (MS) detection. The bioassay analysis showed two bioactive fractions of each polymer with bio-TEQs ranging from 5.7 to 14 pg/g. High resolution MS was used in order to identify bioactive compounds in the fractions. No AhR agonists could be identified in fractions of HDPE or LDPE. Via a multivariate statistical approach the polystyrene (PS) trimer 1e-Phenyl-4e-(1-phenylethyl)-tetralin was identified in fractions of HIPS and in fractions of the blank polymer of HIPS.

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“…As one of the most developed regions, they are surrounded by several metroplexes, such as the Chinese cities of Beijing, Tianjin, Dalian and Qingdao, and Korean cities including Seoul, Incheon, Asan, Gunsan, and Mokpo. Intensive anthropogenic activities in these regions have severely deteriorated environmental quality, especially along the coast (Hong et al, 2012(Hong et al, , 2016Naile et al, 2010Naile et al, , 2011Naile et al, , 2013. Several rivers, including the Liaohe, Haihe and Yellow from China, and the Han, Geum and Youngsan from South Korea, empty into the Bohai and Yellow Seas, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional and new POPs in environments along the Bohai and Yellow Seas: An overview of China and South Korea

et al. 2017

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Rapid economic growth during the past two decades in the region surrounding the Bohai and Yellow Seas has resulted in severe pollution. Large amounts of monitoring data on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in various environmental media have been accumulated, which allows us to conduct a fairly comprehensive assessment of the region around the Bohai and Yellow Seas to elucidate spatial patterns of pollution on a regional scale. This review summarized distributions of traditional and new POPs, including organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), in various environmental media. In general, due to their physico-chemical properties (poor solubility in water), OCPs and PCBs were mainly detected in sediments, PBDEs and HBCDs were mainly detected in sediments and soils. PFASs, which have greater solubility, were mainly detected in the hydrosphere. For conventional POPs, such as OCPs and PCBs, Bohai Bay and Haihe River in China, Gyeonggi Bay and Lake Sihwa in South Korea were found to be most polluted areas. While for new POPs, such as PBDEs, HBCDs and PFASs, some areas were heavily polluted due to local production and applications. Estuarine and coastal areas of the Bohai Sea were more severely contaminated by POPs than coastal regions of the Yellow Sea. Overall, the present review will guide identification of key areas for strengthening risk assessment of POPs and management practices.

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Are styrene oligomers in coastal sediments of an industrial area aryl hydrocarbon-receptor agonists?

Cited by 50 publications

References 36 publications

Global distribution of two polystyrene-derived contaminants in the marine environment: A review

Global distribution of two polystyrene-derived contaminants in the marine environment: A review

Effect-Directed Analysis of Ah Receptor-Mediated Potencies in Microplastics Deployed in a Remote Tropical Marine Environment

Traditional and new POPs in environments along the Bohai and Yellow Seas: An overview of China and South Korea

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