“…However, in a trading environment that deviates from full information and perfect competition, trading halts and price limits can theoretically lead to an improvement in welfare. Specifically, improvements can be wrought from mitigation of information asymmetry (Spiegel and Subrahmanyam, 2000), reduction in "transactional risk" 3 (Greenwald and Stein, 1991;Kodres and O'Brien, 1994), reduction of counter-party risk in derivatives markets and for leveraged investors (Chowdhry and Nanda, 1998;Brennan, 1986), limitations to the gains from market manipulation (Kim and Park, 2010) and the associated costs of monitoring market manipulation (Deb et al, 2010), and by reducing volatility and price deviations from fundamentals driven by noise traders (Westerhoff, 2003).…”