Are patients with schizophrenia rational maximizers? Evidence from an ultimatum game study

Csukly, Gábor; Polgár, Patrícia; Tombor, László; Réthelyi, János M.; Kéri, Szabolcs

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.10.005

Cited by 46 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Furthermore, people with schizophrenia or subclinical high schizotypal traits accept a greater number of unfair offers, particularly more extreme unfair offers, and yet accept fewer fair offers (Csukly, Polgár, Tombor, Réthelyi, & Kéri, 2011;van't Wout & Sanfey, 2011;Wischniewski & Brüne, 2011). One investigation of the behaviour of people with schizophrenia in a trust-based economic game has indicated that they tend to be less trusting at baseline and also do not respond to the trustworthy behaviours of others by being more trusting of them in further interactions (Fett et al, 2012).…”

Section: Previous Work On Moral Cognition In Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Moral cognition in schizophrenia

McGuire

Langdon

Brüne

2014

Cognitive Neuropsychiatry

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Introduction. Disordered moral behaviour and understanding of moral rules were described early in the literature on schizophrenia; however, moral cognition has received scant attention in spite of a large literature focused on social cognitive impairments and violent behaviour in schizophrenia. Methods. We conducted a narrative synthesis of the literature on violence, moral judgement and schizophrenia. Results. Initial empirical research into moral cognition in schizophrenia did not fully account for the basic-and social-cognitive deficits now known to characterise schizophrenia. Importantly, research into moral cognition in autism and psychopathy, disorders in part characterised by social cognitive impairments indicates subtle patterns of difference to the moral cognition of control participants. Recent neuroeconomic studies of moral cognition in schizophrenia have indicated that individuals with schizophrenia display subtle dysfunction in their fairness-related behaviours, but not in their propensity to engage in altruistic punishment. Conclusions. Further research has the potential to broaden our understanding of what is intact and what is impaired in moral cognition in schizophrenia and also to inform our theories of the structures subserving moral judgement in the general population. Furthermore, a more thorough understanding of moral cognitive impairments in schizophrenia may have implications for both legal process and psychosocial rehabilitation.

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Section: Previous Work On Moral Cognition In Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Moral cognition in schizophrenia

McGuire

Langdon

Brüne

2014

Cognitive Neuropsychiatry

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“…Paradigms from game theory, which have interactive characters, have been increasingly used to investigate social decision-making [1]. Using these simulating games of interpersonal and group interactions, abnormal social decision-making behaviors have been reported in patients with schizophrenia, such as less trust in investment with another counterpart [3], non-strategically less free riding in public goods game [4], and less rejections of unfair offers when splitting a sum of money with a counterpart [5, 6]. However, the underpinnings of these deviant behaviors in schizophrenia are still unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Next we explored the influence of ToM on responder’s choice during the mini UG. We speculated that compared to the healthy controls, patient with schizophrenia may accept more disadvantageous offers but reject more advantageous offers, based on previous studies, in which the patients with schizophrenia often showed less rejection rates to the unfair (disadvantageous) offers in the classic UG [5, 6] but higher rejection rates to the fair (advantageous) offers in the classic UG [5] or in the mini UG [21]. More importantly, we hypothesized that except in the condition in which the proposer has no alternative (both options are 8 vs. 2), the abnormal behaviors of patients in the mini UG would correlate with their ToM deficits, as they may have difficulty in inferring the intentions of the proposer given the unchosen options.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory of mind deficits partly mediate impaired social decision-making in schizophrenia

Yang

Mao

et al. 2017

BMC Psychiatry

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BackgroundUsing paradigms from game theory, researchers have reported abnormal decision-making in social context in patients with schizophrenia. However, less is known about the underpinnings of the impairment. This study aimed to test whether theory of mind (ToM) deficits and/or neurocognitive dysfunctions mediate impaired social decision-making in patients with schizophrenia.MethodsWe compared thirty-five patients with schizophrenia to thirty-eight matched healthy controls with regard to social decision-making using the mini Ultimatum Game (mini UG), a paradigm from game theory. Additionally, we assessed ToM using the Theory of Mind Picture Stories Task, a mental state attribution task, and assessed neurocognition using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia. Mediation analyses were performed on the data.ResultsIn contrast to the behavioral pattern of healthy controls in the mini UG, the patients with schizophrenia significantly accepted more disadvantageous offers and rejected more advantageous offers, and showed reduced sensitivity to the fairness-related context changes in the mini UG. Impaired ToM and neurocognition were also found in the patients. Mediation analyses indicated that ToM but not neurocognition partially mediated the group differences on the disadvantageous and advantageous offers in the mini UG.ConclusionsPatients with schizophrenia exhibited impaired social decision-making. This impairment can be partly explained by their ToM deficits rather than neurocognitive deficits. However, the exact nature of the ToM deficits that mediate impaired social decision-making needs to be identified in future.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12888-017-1313-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…In addition, the facial expression of the proposer has the potential to influence decisions (Csukly, Polgár, Tombor, Rethélyi, & Kéri, 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

Altered Social Decision Making in Borderline Personality Disorder: An Ultimatum Game Study

Polgár¹,

Fogd²,

Unoka³

et al. 2014

Journal of Personality Disorders

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The authors examined social decision-making strategies in borderline personality disorder (BPD) using the Ultimatum Game (UG). They sought to extend previous findings by investigating altruistic punishment, a behavior that increases group cooperation in the long term. They tested the effect of the proposer's facial expression on responses. BPD patients (n = 47) and healthy controls (n = 43) played the responder's role in a series of computerized UG interactions, with proposers expressing positive or negative emotions. BPD patients accepted unfair offers at a higher rate compared to controls. The effect of facial expression differed in the two groups, as positive expressions increased the acceptance likelihood in the control group at stakes from 20:80 to 50:50. In the BPD group, this effect was observed only at higher stakes (40:60 and 50:50). These results suggest that BPD patients exhibit altruistic punishment to a lesser extent and are less influenced by their partners' emotional expression in the UG.

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Are patients with schizophrenia rational maximizers? Evidence from an ultimatum game study

Cited by 46 publications

References 27 publications

Moral cognition in schizophrenia

Moral cognition in schizophrenia

Theory of mind deficits partly mediate impaired social decision-making in schizophrenia

Altered Social Decision Making in Borderline Personality Disorder: An Ultimatum Game Study

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