Are parenting practices associated with the same child outcomes in sub-Saharan African countries as in high-income countries? A review and synthesis

Devlin, Alison M.; Wight, Daniel; Fenton, Candida

doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2018-000912

Cited by 23 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…A review comparing the associations between parenting practices and child health and developmental outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa with those in HIC found that such associations were broadly similar across country settings in the existing evidence base (50) . This points to the transferability of such findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parent perspectives on preschoolers’ movement and dietary behaviours: a qualitative study in Soweto, South Africa

Klingberg

Sluijs

Draper

2020

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: Childhood obesity is of increasing concern in South Africa, and interventions to promote healthy behaviours related to obesity in children are needed. Young children in urban low-income settings are particularly at risk of excess adiposity. The current study aimed to describe how parents of preschool children in an urban South African township view children’s movement and dietary behaviours, and associated barriers and facilitators. Design: A contextualist qualitative design was utilised with in-depth interviews conducted in the home setting and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Field notes were used to contextualise findings. Setting: Four neighbourhoods in a predominantly low-income urban township. Participants: Sixteen parents (fourteen mothers, two fathers) of preschool-age children were recruited via preschools. Results: Four themes were developed: children’s autonomy and the limits of parental control; balancing trust and fears; the appeal of screens; and aspirations and pressures of parenthood. Barriers to healthy behaviours included children’s food preferences, aspirations and pressures to consume unhealthy foods, other adults giving children snacks, lack of safe places to play, unhealthy food environments and underlying structural factors. Facilitators included set routines, the preschool environment, safe places to play and availability of healthy foods. Conclusions: Low-income families in Soweto face many structural challenges that cannot easily be addressed through public health interventions, but there may be opportunities for behavioural interventions targeting interpersonal and organisational aspects, such as bedtime routines and preschool snacks, to achieve positive changes. More research on preschoolers’ movement and dietary behaviours, and related interventions, is needed in South Africa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parent perspectives on preschoolers’ movement and dietary behaviours: a qualitative study in Soweto, South Africa

Klingberg

Sluijs

Draper

2020

Public Health Nutr.

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“…A positive father-child relationship has been found to be associated with better outcomes and less risk-taking behaviors in children and adolescents. The effects of the authoritarian and permissive parenting styles on children are reduced when fathers maintain a good relationship with the child [25]. Parental warmth, which includes concern or acceptance, supportive presence, positive regard, and emotional support towards the child, has been associated with better behavioral outcomes in high-risk preterm children [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parenting Styles of Parents Who Had Children With and Without High Risk at Birth: A Cross-sectional Comparative Study

Rangarajan

Narasimhan

Janakiraman

et al. 2020

Cureus

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“…8 A systematic review demonstrated that parenting practices in sub-Saharan Africa are associated with the same pattern of child outcomes as in HICs. 9 There is also promising evidence that parenting programmes can effectively reduce child maltreatment in LMICs. 10 Despite emerging evidence of the effectiveness of parenting interventions, local governments and service providers in LMICs face multiple challenges implementing such programmes.…”

Section: What Do the New Findings Imply?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining parenting and economic strengthening programmes to reduce violence against children: a cluster randomised controlled trial with predominantly male caregivers in rural Tanzania

et al. 2020

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IntroductionParenting programmes may reduce the risk of violence against children and improve child well-being. However, additional economic support may be necessary in highly deprived rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa. Furthermore, delivering programmes within farmer groups may increase male caregiver recruitment and engagement.MethodsA parallel cluster randomised controlled trial examined the combined and separate effects of parenting and economic strengthening programmes on reducing violence against children aged 0–18 years in farming communities in Tanzania (n=248 families; 63% male caregivers). Eight villages were randomly assigned to four conditions (2:2:2:2): (1) 12-session parenting programme (n=60); (2) agribusiness training (n=56); (3) parenting and agribusiness combined (n=72); (4) control (n=60). Parent-report, child-report and early childhood observation assessments were conducted at baseline, mid-treatment and post-treatment. Primary outcomes were child maltreatment and parenting behaviour. Secondary outcomes included corporal punishment endorsement, parenting stress, parent/child depression, child behaviour, economic well-being and child development.ResultsAt post-treatment, parents and children receiving the combined interventions reported less maltreatment (parents: incidence rate ratio (IRR=0.40, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.65; children: IRR=0.40, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.92). Parents reported reduced endorsement of corporal punishment (Dw=−0.43, 95% CI −0.79 to 0.07) and fewer child behaviour problems (Dw=−0.41, 95% CI −0.77 to 0.05). Parents in parenting-only villages reported less abuse (IRR=0.36, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.63) and fewer child behaviour problems (Dw=−0.47, 95% CI −0.84 to 0.11). Parents in agribusiness-only villages reported fewer child behaviour problems (Dw=−0.43, 95% CI −0.77 to 0.08) and greater household wealth (Dw=0.57, 95% CI 0.08 to 1.06). However, children in agribusiness-only villages reported increased physical abuse (IRR=2.26, 95% CI 1.00 to 5.12) and less positive parenting (Dw=−0.50, 95% CI −0.91 to 0.10). There were no other adverse effects.ConclusionParent training may be the active ingredient in reducing maltreatment in farmer groups with majority male caregivers, while agribusiness training programmes may have unintended negative consequences on children when delivered alone. Locating parenting support in existing farmer groups can engage much higher proportions of fathers than stand-alone programmes.ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02633319

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Are parenting practices associated with the same child outcomes in sub-Saharan African countries as in high-income countries? A review and synthesis

Cited by 23 publications

References 96 publications

Parent perspectives on preschoolers’ movement and dietary behaviours: a qualitative study in Soweto, South Africa

Parent perspectives on preschoolers’ movement and dietary behaviours: a qualitative study in Soweto, South Africa

Parenting Styles of Parents Who Had Children With and Without High Risk at Birth: A Cross-sectional Comparative Study

Combining parenting and economic strengthening programmes to reduce violence against children: a cluster randomised controlled trial with predominantly male caregivers in rural Tanzania

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