Are Mobility and COVID-19 Related? A Dynamic Analysis for Portuguese Districts

Nova, António Casa; Ferreira, Paulo; Almeida, Dora; Dionísio, Andreia; Quintino, Derick David

doi:10.3390/e23060786

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Those more detailed results are provided in Appendix B . This closer look reveals a wide variation in locations included in this research, including one global study that also specifically addressed the regions of Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean [ 35 ], and country-specific studies of England [ 31 ], India [ 34 ], Portugal [ 29 ], Turkey [ 32 ], and the US [ 30 , 33 ]. As previously noted, all studies used Google community mobility data that provided aggregated mobility scores for six sets of destinations: retail and recreation, grocery and pharmacy, parks, transit stations, workplaces, and residential destinations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The strong indication here is that park use helped to lower COVID-19 incidence insofar as it served to replace other forms of mobility that may have been riskier. While no other studies directly looked at park mobility as a replacement for other forms of mobility, two studies noted that while park mobility was associated with worse COVID-19 numbers, the association was lower for parks than for other mobility destinations [ 29 , 33 ], and two studies found no association between park mobility and COVID-19, while associations did exist for other mobility factors [ 30 , 34 ]. What emerges then is the strong suggestion that mobility in general increases risk, but park mobility is relatively safer and has lower negative outcomes than other forms of mobility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parks and the Pandemic: A Scoping Review of Research on Green Infrastructure Use and Health Outcomes during COVID-19

Heckert

Bristowe

2021

IJERPH

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Green infrastructure (GI) has long been known to impact human health, and many academics have used past research to argue for the potential importance of GI as a mechanism for maintaining or improving health within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This scoping review addresses the question: What evidence, if any, have researchers found of a relationship between green infrastructure use and health during the COVID-19 pandemic? Specifically, evaluating the (a) association of GI use with COVID-19 disease outcomes and (b) association of GI use with other health outcomes as impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Twenty-two studies were identified that measured GI use and studied it in relation to health outcomes during the pandemic. The studies were reviewed for the specific measures and types of GI use, level of analysis, specific types of health outcomes, and the conclusions reached with regard to GI use and health. Studies exploring COVID-19-specific health outcomes showed mixed results, while non-COVID health outcomes were more consistently improved through GI use, particularly with regard to improved mental health. While the evidence strongly suggests that GI use has played a protective role in non-COVID-19 physical and mental health during the pandemic, questions remain with regard to possible impacts on COVID transmission and mortality.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parks and the Pandemic: A Scoping Review of Research on Green Infrastructure Use and Health Outcomes during COVID-19

Heckert

Bristowe

2021

IJERPH

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“…The coronavirus crisis has led to unusual mobility restrictions in recent years [8,9]. The analysis carried out in this paper is within a pre-COVID-19 framework.…”

Section: Tourism Sector Gross Domestic Product and Randomness In Decision-makingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entropy Method for Decision-Making: Uncertainty Cycles in Tourism Demand

Reina

2021

Entropy

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A new methodology is presented for measuring, classifying and predicting the cycles of uncertainty that occur in temporary decision-making in the tourist accommodation market (apartments and hotels). Special attention is paid to the role of entropy and cycles in the process under the Adaptive Markets Hypothesis. The work scheme analyses random cycles from time to time, and in the frequency domain, the linear and nonlinear causality relationships between variables are studied. The period analysed is from January 2005 to December 2018; the following empirical results stand out: (1) On longer scales, the periodicity of the uncertainty of decision-making is between 6 and 12 months, respectively, for all the nationalities described. (2) The elasticity of demand for tourist apartments is approximately 1% due to changes in demand for tourist hotels. (3) The elasticity of the uncertainty factor is highly correlated with the country of origin of tourists visiting Spain. For example, it has been empirically shown that increases of 1% in uncertainty cause increases in the demand for apartments of 2.12% (worldwide), 3.05% (UK), 1.91% (Germany), 1.78% (France), 7.21% (Ireland), 3.61% (The Netherlands) respectively. This modelling has an explanatory capacity of 99% in all the models analysed.

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“…In order to quantify and qualify the degree of social distancing and its effects, some different approaches have been proposed: by survey questionnaires in the population in order to assess adherence to social distancing and to compare it to the growth of cases, or deaths [12], or by using mobility data from different sources [13–19]. In the latter case, a mobility or social distancing metric is compared to the growth rate of cases (or deaths) of COVID-19, or to the effective reproduction number R t .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A transnational and transregional study of the impact and effectiveness of social distancing for COVID-19 mitigation

Rocha

Mendes

Moret

2021

Preprint

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We present a detailed analysis of the relationship between the infection rate by SARS-CoV-2 and a distancing index based on COVID-19 Community Mobility Report by Google, for all states in the United States and Brazil, its most populous counties and municipalities, respectively, and all the 22 European Economic Community countries and the United Kingdom, with Google data and at least one thousand deaths by COVID-19 in 2020. We discuss why the infection rate is a proper choice to perform this analysis when analyzing a wide span of time. A strong Spearman's rank order correlation between the social distancing index and the infection rate in each locality. As a side result, we show that mask mandates increase the values of Spearman's correlation in the United States, where a mandate was not universally adopted. We also obtain a numerical relationship between the infection rate and the social distancing metric introduced in the present work.

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Are Mobility and COVID-19 Related? A Dynamic Analysis for Portuguese Districts

Cited by 14 publications

References 53 publications

Parks and the Pandemic: A Scoping Review of Research on Green Infrastructure Use and Health Outcomes during COVID-19

Parks and the Pandemic: A Scoping Review of Research on Green Infrastructure Use and Health Outcomes during COVID-19

Entropy Method for Decision-Making: Uncertainty Cycles in Tourism Demand

A transnational and transregional study of the impact and effectiveness of social distancing for COVID-19 mitigation

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