Are Mixed Tropical Tree Plantations More Resistant to Drought than Monocultures?

Kunert, Norbert; Cárdenas, Alida Mercado

doi:10.3390/f6062029

Cited by 31 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Conversion of natural forests to anthropogenic forest systems, such as tree plantations, is supposed to have lower effects on the overall water budget [37]. However, we found in this study that the evapotranspiration was drastically reduced above the plantation compared to estimates from the natural undisturbed forest.…”

Section: Stand Transpiration Rate and Impact On The Local Water Budgetcontrasting

confidence: 72%

Modeling Potential Impacts of Planting Palms or Tree in Small Holder Fruit Plantations on Ecohydrological Processes in the Central Amazon

Kunert

Aparecido

Barros

et al. 2015

Forests

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Native fruiting plants are widely cultivated in the Amazon, but little information on their water use characteristics can be found in the literature. To explore the potential impacts of plantations on local to regional water balance, we studied plant water use characteristics of two native fruit plants commonly occurring in the Amazon region. The study was conducted in a mixed fruit plantation containing a dicot tree species (Cupuaçu, Theobroma grandiflorum) and a monocot palm species (Açai, Euterpe oleracea) close to the city of Manaus, in the Central Amazon. Scaling from sap flux measurements, palms had a 3.5-fold higher water consumption compared to trees with a similar diameter. Despite the high transpiration rates of the palms, our plantation had only one third of the potential water recycling capacity of natural forests in the area. Converting natural forest into such plantations will thus result in significantly higher runoff rates. OPEN ACCESSForests 2015, 6 2531

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Section: Stand Transpiration Rate and Impact On The Local Water Budgetcontrasting

confidence: 72%

Modeling Potential Impacts of Planting Palms or Tree in Small Holder Fruit Plantations on Ecohydrological Processes in the Central Amazon

Kunert

Aparecido

Barros

et al. 2015

Forests

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“…These differences are likely to affect the observed herbivorous insect responses. More diverse forests also tend to be less affected by intense droughts, as under severe drought conditions water availability is higher in diverse forest stands than in monocultures (Kunert et al ., ; Kunert & Cárdenas, ; Schwendenmann et al ., ). However, as discussed above (Section IV.3), higher tree diversity does not automatically equate with higher resistance to drought (Grossiord, ).…”

Section: Comparison Of Responses Of Insects To Drought In Temperate Amentioning

confidence: 99%

How do herbivorous insects respond to drought stress in trees?

2019

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Increased frequency and severity of drought, as a result of climate change, is expected to drive critical changes in plant–insect interactions that may elevate rates of tree mortality. The mechanisms that link water stress in plants to insect performance are not well understood. Here, we build on previous reviews and develop a framework that incorporates the severity and longevity of drought and captures the plant physiological adjustments that follow moderate and severe drought. Using this framework, we investigate in greater depth how insect performance responds to increasing drought severity for: (i) different feeding guilds; (ii) flush feeders and senescence feeders; (iii) specialist and generalist insect herbivores; and (iv) temperate versus tropical forest communities. We outline how intermittent and moderate drought can result in increases of carbon‐based and nitrogen‐based chemical defences, whereas long and severe drought events can result in decreases in plant secondary defence compounds. We predict that different herbivore feeding guilds will show different but predictable responses to drought events, with most feeding guilds being negatively affected by water stress, with the exception of wood borers and bark beetles during severe drought and sap‐sucking insects and leaf miners during moderate and intermittent drought. Time of feeding and host specificity are important considerations. Some insects, regardless of feeding guild, prefer to feed on younger tissues from leaf flush, whereas others are adapted to feed on senescing tissues of severely stressed trees. We argue that moderate water stress could benefit specialist insect herbivores, while generalists might prefer severe drought conditions. Current evidence suggests that insect outbreaks are shorter and more spatially restricted in tropical than in temperate forests. We suggest that future research on the impact of drought on insect communities should include (i) assessing how drought‐induced changes in various plant traits, such as secondary compound concentrations and leaf water potential, affect herbivores; (ii) food web implications for other insects and those that feed on them; and (iii) interactions between the effects on insects of increasing drought and other forms of environmental change including rising temperatures and CO2 levels. There is a need for larger, temperate and tropical forest‐scale drought experiments to look at herbivorous insect responses and their role in tree death.

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“…For instance, the study in [108] identified different growth responses to N input as a function of the species' assemblages. Frequent Some empirical studies indicate that more diverse forests tend to be less affected by droughts [135][136][137][138], although others did not find any beneficial effect [120,139,140]. After reviewing 28 studies that included 151 tree species, [141] stated that drought impacts on forests are modulated by tree diversity.…”

Section: Species Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between Climate and Nutrient Cycles on Forest Response to Global Change: The Role of Mixed Forests

Andrés

2019

Forests

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Forest ecosystems are undergoing unprecedented changes in environmental conditions due to global change impacts. Modification of global biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nitrogen, and the subsequent climate change are affecting forest functions at different scales, from physiology and growth of individual trees to cycling of nutrients. This review summarizes the present knowledge regarding the impact of global change on forest functioning not only with respect to climate change, which is the focus of most studies, but also the influence of altered nitrogen cycle and the interactions among them. The carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) fertilization effect on tree growth is expected to be constrained by nutrient imbalances resulting from high N deposition rates and the counteractive effect of increasing water deficit, which interact in a complex way. At the community level, responses to global change are modified by species interactions that may lead to competition for resources and/or relaxation due to facilitation and resource partitioning processes. Thus, some species mixtures can be more resistant to drought than their respective pure forests, albeit it depends on environmental conditions and species' functional traits. Climate change and nitrogen deposition have additional impacts on litterfall dynamics, and subsequent decomposition and nutrient mineralization processes. Elemental ratios (i.e., stoichiometry) are associated with important ecosystem traits, including trees' adaptability to stress or decomposition rates. As stoichiometry of different ecosystem components are also influenced by global change, nutrient cycling in forests will be altered too. Therefore, a re-assessment of traditional forest management is needed in order to cope with global change. Proposed silvicultural systems emphasize the key role of diversity to assure multiple ecosystem services, and special attention has been paid to mixed-species forests. Finally, a summary of the patterns and underlying mechanisms governing the relationships between diversity and different ecosystems functions, such as productivity and stability, is provided.Human appropriation of land and water for agriculture and other purposes; emission of extraneous compounds to the atmosphere and water, extraction of food, fuel, and fiber from natural ecosystems; and transport of species around the globe, have pervasively influenced Earth's climate, hydrology, biogeochemistry, land cover, and species diversity [6,7]. The Earth and its ecosystems are undergoing rapid global change, driven by natural and human-induced factors, that is expected to influence plant species' dominance and distribution, primary productivity, and nutrient cycles worldwide [5,8]. Demographic, economic, socio-political, cultural, scientific, and technological factors (i.e., indirect drivers) cause physical and biological changes (i.e., direct drivers) in ecosystems. Global change involves the simultaneous and rapid alteration of several key environmental parameters that control the dynamics of forests [9,1...

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Are Mixed Tropical Tree Plantations More Resistant to Drought than Monocultures?

Cited by 31 publications

References 65 publications

Modeling Potential Impacts of Planting Palms or Tree in Small Holder Fruit Plantations on Ecohydrological Processes in the Central Amazon

Modeling Potential Impacts of Planting Palms or Tree in Small Holder Fruit Plantations on Ecohydrological Processes in the Central Amazon

How do herbivorous insects respond to drought stress in trees?

Interactions between Climate and Nutrient Cycles on Forest Response to Global Change: The Role of Mixed Forests

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