Are lignin-derived carbon fibers graphitic enough?

Sagues, William J.; Jain, Ankush; Brown, Dylan M.; Aggarwal, Salonika; Suarez, Antonio; Kollman, Matthew; Park, Seonghyun; Argyropoulos, Dimitris S.

doi:10.1039/c9gc01806a

Cited by 82 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(104 reference statements)

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“…However, these findings are in complete agreement with reported Raman results on the carbon fibres obtained from lignin 4 , 20 . Moreover, it is reported that the higher molecular weight of lignin enhances the graphitic structure and mechanical performance 94 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved procedure for electro-spinning and carbonisation of neat solvent-fractionated softwood Kraft lignin

Khan

Hararak

Fernando

2021

Sci Rep

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In general, the electro-spinning of lignin requires it to be functionalised and/or blended with synthetic or natural polymers. This paper reports on the use of solvent fractionated lignin-lignin blend to electro-spin BioChoice softwood Kraft lignin. The blend consisted of acetone-soluble and ethanol-soluble lignin in a binary solvent of acetone and DMSO. Solvent fractionation was used to purify lignin where the ash content was reduced in the soluble lignin fractions from 1.24 to ~ 0.1%. The corresponding value after conventional acid-washing in sulphuric acid was 0.34%. A custom-made electro-spinning apparatus was used to produce the nano-fibres. Heat treatment procedures were developed for drying the electro-spun fibres prior to oxidation and carbonisation; this was done to prevent fibre fusion. The lignin fibres were oxidised at 250 °C, carbonised at 1000 °C, 1200 °C and 1500 °C. The cross-section of the fibres was circular and they were observed to be void-free. The longitudinal sections showed that the fibres were not fused. Thus, this procedure demonstrated that solvent fractionated lignin can be electro-spun without using plasticisers or polymer blends using common laboratory solvents and subsequently carbonised to produce carbon fibres with a circular cross-section.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved procedure for electro-spinning and carbonisation of neat solvent-fractionated softwood Kraft lignin

Khan

Hararak

Fernando

2021

Sci Rep

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“…Another noticeable finding is how lignin carbonizes and forms the carbon structure. Lignin is a non-graphitizable compound, so the carbon fibres from lignin cannot achieve high mechanical strength without any treatment to improve the graphitic structure (Sagues et al, 2019) The skin-core phenomenon, however, was observed in Zone 2 but disappeared in Zone 4 and was attributed to the incomplete stabilization of precursor fibres. It was found that this led to the formation of hollow carbon fibres after carbonization which have very high surface areas, providing promise for applications in batteries, catalyst carriers or membranes (Liu, Chae, Choi, & Kumar, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose-lignin composite fibers as precursors for carbon fibers: Part 2 – The impact of precursor properties on carbon fibers

Trogen

et al. 2020

Carbohydrate Polymers

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Cellulose-lignin composite fibres as precursors for carbon fibres. Part 2 -The impact of precursor properties on carbon fibres Nguyen-Duc Le (Conceptualization) (Investigation) (Formal analysis) (Writing -original draft) (Visualization), Mikaela Trogen (Resources) (Investigation) (Writing -review and editing), Yibo Ma (Investigation) (Writing -review and editing), Russell J. Varley (Supervision) (Writing -review and editing), Michael Hummel (Conceptualization) (Writing -review and editing) (Funding acquisition), Nolene Byrne (Conceptualization) (Supervision) (Writing -review and editing)

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“…This suggests that the arc discharge treatment introduced a defective/porous structure to the fibres. The (100) crystallite size L c was calculated using the Debye formula and the value was 7.1 nm, which is similar to the L c of lignin fibres thermally carbonised at 1000 °C [ 50 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Fabrication of Renewable Carbon Fibres by Plasma Arc Discharge and Their Humidity Sensing Properties

Chen

Fang

Abbel

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Submicron-sized carbon fibres have been attracting research interest due to their outstanding mechanical and electrical properties. However, the non-renewable resources and their complex fabrication processes limit the scalability and pose difficulties for the utilisation of these materials. Here, we investigate the use of plasma arc technology to convert renewable electrospun lignin fibres into a new kind of carbon fibre with a globular and porous microstructure. The influence of arc currents (up to 60 A) on the structural and morphological properties of as-prepared carbon fibres is discussed. Owing to the catalyst-free synthesis, high purity micro-structured carbon fibres with nanocrystalline graphitic domains are produced. Furthermore, the humidity sensing characteristics of the treated fibres at room temperature (23 °C) are demonstrated. Sensors produced from these carbon fibres exhibit good humidity response and repeatability in the range of 30% to 80% relative humidity (RH) and an excellent sensitivity (0.81/%RH) in the high RH regime (60–80%). These results demonstrate that the plasma arc technology has great potential for the development of sustainable, lignin-based carbon fibres for a broad range of application in electronics, sensors and energy storage.

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Are lignin-derived carbon fibers graphitic enough?

Abstract: The extent of graphitization is an overlooked limitation to lignin-derived carbon fiber development.

Cited by 82 publications

References 61 publications

Improved procedure for electro-spinning and carbonisation of neat solvent-fractionated softwood Kraft lignin

Improved procedure for electro-spinning and carbonisation of neat solvent-fractionated softwood Kraft lignin

Cellulose-lignin composite fibers as precursors for carbon fibers: Part 2 – The impact of precursor properties on carbon fibers

Rapid Fabrication of Renewable Carbon Fibres by Plasma Arc Discharge and Their Humidity Sensing Properties

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