Are lexical factors immune to response modality in backward recall? The effects of imageability and word frequency.

Beaudry, Olivia; Saint‐Aubin, Jean; Guérard, Katherine; Pâquet, Myriam

doi:10.1037/cep0000126

Cited by 14 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…An additional concern is that response modality may be a factor in determining how backward recall is performed. Beaudry, Saint-Aubin, Guérard, and Pâquet (2017) found that effects of word frequency and imageability were greatly reduced with spoken rather than manual recall.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do we perform backward serial recall?

2019

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Following Conrad ( 1965 , Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 4 , 161–169) it is often assumed that backward verbal serial recall is performed by repeated forward scans through the list and then recalling the last remaining item. Direct evidence for this peel-off strategy is relatively weak, and there has to date been no examination of its potential role in the recall of spatial sequences. To examine the role of this strategy in both verbal and spatial domains, two experiments examined response output times for forward and backward recall. For spatial span, the pattern of timing was the same in both directions. For digit span, backward recall was considerably slower. This was true whether responses were made by means of manual selection on a keyboard display (Experiment 1 ) or were spoken (Experiment 2 a). Only two of 24 participants showed signs of using a peel-off strategy in spoken backward recall. Peel-off was not a dominant strategy in backward digit recall and there was no indication that it was ever used for spatial stimuli. Most participants reported using a combination of different strategies. In Experiment 2 b, four further participants were directly instructed to use a peel-off strategy. The pattern of response times for three of these individuals was similar to the two participants from Experiment 2 a previously identified as using peel-off. We conclude that backward recall can be performed using many strategies, but that the peel-off is rarely used spontaneously.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do we perform backward serial recall?

2019

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“…In all but one experiment, Jalbert and her colleagues used an order reconstruction task in which participants responded by clicking on the items. Previous studies have shown that output modality can modulate the effects of key factors in short-term ordered recall (e.g., Beaudry, Saint-Aubin, Guérard & Pâquet, 2017;Harvey & Beaman, 2007). Furthermore, in the context of the word length effect, those procedural differences are very important.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does neighborhood size really cause the word length effect?

et al. 2017

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In short-term serial recall, it is well-known that short words are remembered better than long words. This word length effect has been the cornerstone of the working memory model and a benchmark effect that all models of immediate memory should account for. Currently, there is no consensus as to what determines the word length effect. Jalbert and colleagues (Jalbert, Neath, Bireta, & Surprenant, 2011a; Jalbert, Neath, & Surprenant, 2011b) suggested that neighborhood size is one causal factor. In six experiments we systematically examined their suggestion. In Experiment 1, with an immediate serial recall task, multiple word lengths, and a large pool of words controlled for neighborhood size, the typical word length effect was present. In Experiments 2 and 3, with an order reconstruction task and words with either many or few neighbors, we observed the typical word length effect. In Experiment 4 we tested the hypothesis that the previous abolition of the word length effect when neighborhood size was controlled was due to a confounded factor: frequency of orthographic structure. As predicted, we reversed the word length effect when using short words with less frequent orthographic structures than the long words, as was done in both of Jalbert et al.'s studies. In Experiments 5 and 6, we again observed the typical word length effect, even if we controlled for neighborhood size and frequency of orthographic structure. Overall, the results were not consistent with the predictions of Jalbert et al. and clearly showed a large and reliable word length effect after controlling for neighborhood size.

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“…This finding is in line with previous studies. In effect, although it is generally believed that recall performance is superior in forward than in backward recall, many studies showed no difference between both recall directions (e.g., Anderson, Bothell, Lebiere, & Matessa, 1998;Beaudry, Saint-Aubin, Guérard, & Pâquet, 2018;Bireta et al, 2010, Experiments 1-2;Farrand & Jones, 1996;Guérard, Saint-Aubin, Burns, & Chamberland, 2012;Guerrette et al, 2017;Li & Lewandowsky, 1995, Experiments 1-2;Madigan, 1971;Thomas, Milner, & Haberlandt, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Overt language production plays a key role in the Hebb repetition effect

et al. 2018

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When asked to recall verbatim a short list of items, performance is very limited. However, if the list of items is repeated across trials, recall performance improves. This phenomenon, known as the Hebb repetition effect (Hebb, 1961; Brain Mechanisms and Learning: A Symposium, pp. 37-51), is considered a laboratory analogue of language learning. In effect, learning a new word implies the maintenance of a series of smaller units, such as phonemes or syllables, in the correct order for a short amount of time before producing them. The sequence of smaller units is typically presented more than once. In the present study, we investigated the role of overt language production in language learning by manipulating recall direction. If the learning of a repeated list of items relies on overt language production processes, changing list production order by manipulating recall direction should impact the learning of the list. In Experiment 1, one list was repeated every third trial, and recall direction of the repeated list changed on the ninth repetition. In Experiment 1a, the repeated list changed from a forward to a backward order recall, where participants had to recall the items in reverse presentation order. In Experiment 1b, the repeated list changed from a backward to a forward order recall. Results showed a cost in recall performance for the repeated list when recall direction switched from forward to backward recall, whereas it was unaffected by the change from backward to forward recall. In Experiment 2, we increased the number of trials before introducing the change from a backward to a forward order recall. Results showed a decrement in recall performance for the repeated list following the change in recall direction, suggesting that language production processes play a role in the Hebb repetition effect.

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Are lexical factors immune to response modality in backward recall? The effects of imageability and word frequency.

Cited by 14 publications

References 42 publications

How do we perform backward serial recall?

How do we perform backward serial recall?

Does neighborhood size really cause the word length effect?

Overt language production plays a key role in the Hebb repetition effect

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