Are invasive species a major cause of extinctions?

Gurevitch, Jessica; Padilla, Dianna K.

doi:10.1016/j.tree.2004.07.005

Cited by 1,240 publications

(915 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Global trade by shipping is accelerating the rate of introduction of nonnative species in marine communities of European coasts (Leppäkoski et al, 2002;Steftaris et al, 2005), and is in particular transforming estuarine ecosystems (Campbell et al, 2007;Carlton, 1989;Ruiz et al, 1997;Williams and Grosholz, 2008;Wolff, 1999). It is widely assumed that invasions by alien species are a leading cause of recent species extinctions which is mainly concluded from studies on oceanic islands and freshwater lakes (Fritts and Rodda, 1998;Gurevitch and Padilla, 2004;Lockwood, 2004). However, there is no evidence for extinctions of native species in marine environments caused by invaders (Wolff, 2000a;Gurevitch and Padilla, 2004;Briggs, 2010;Craig, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is widely assumed that invasions by alien species are a leading cause of recent species extinctions which is mainly concluded from studies on oceanic islands and freshwater lakes (Fritts and Rodda, 1998;Gurevitch and Padilla, 2004;Lockwood, 2004). However, there is no evidence for extinctions of native species in marine environments caused by invaders (Wolff, 2000a;Gurevitch and Padilla, 2004;Briggs, 2010;Craig, 2010). Nevertheless, it is feared that regionally the biota may lose their integrity by the chronic infiltration of alien species, resulting in a global biotic homogenization of ecosystems (Lövei, 1997;McKinney and Lockwood, 1999;Olden et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonnative macrobenthos in the Wadden Sea ecosystem

Buschbaum

Lackschewitz

Reise

2012

Ocean & Coastal Management

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a b s t r a c tAn inventory in the Dutch-German-Danish Wadden Sea revealed a total of 66 nonnative (alien) taxa including 17 tentative cryptogenics in the brackish-marine macrobenthos until 2010, which is close to average compared with similar inventories from other coasts. Although the Wadden Sea is known for the largest sedimentary tidal flats in the world, most aliens encountered were fouling at harbor walls, pontoons in marinas, at hard structures for coastal defense but also in epibenthic mussel and oyster beds. Recent qualitative rapid assessments focusing on port localities have substantially improved knowledge on introduced species in the Wadden Sea. Nonnative species have pervaded algal and invertebrate communities, and the guild of suspension feeders became particularly strengthened by aliens which took advantage of a recent phase with relatively warm years. Most alien species were not directly introduced into the Wadden Sea but have spread secondarily from adjacent coasts with more active harbors or shellfish cultures. We suggest that aliens which have already established in the Wadden Sea ecosystem should be tolerated to avoid ongoing manipulations in eco-evolutionary developments in this protected nature area. Mitigation of the advancing tide of invasive aliens should focus on vector control (shipping and open aquacultures) as well as on early detection with attempts of eradication during the initial phase of invasions on a scale of the entire European Atlantic coast of which the Wadden Sea ecosystem is an integral part.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonnative macrobenthos in the Wadden Sea ecosystem

Buschbaum

Lackschewitz

Reise

2012

Ocean & Coastal Management

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“…However, empirical evidence suggests habitat dynamics are likely to play a more important role than previously appreciated. Indeed, disturbances, like fire and logging, have been shown to cause local extinctions of some species (reviewed in Gurevitch and Padilla, 2004). For instance, nearly all extinctions of British butterflies can be attributed to conversion of habitat to an unsuitable state (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How patch configuration affects the impact of disturbances on metapopulation persistence

Vuilleumier

Wilcox

Cairns

et al. 2007

Theoretical Population Biology

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Disturbances affect metapopulations directly through reductions in population size and indirectly through habitat modification. We consider how metapopulation persistence is affected by different disturbance regimes and the way in which disturbances spread, when metapopulations are compact or elongated, using a stochastic spatially explicit model which includes metapopulation and habitat dynamics. We discover that the risk of population extinction is larger for spatially aggregated disturbances than for spatially random disturbances. By changing the spatial configuration of the patches in the system-leading to different proportions of edge and interior patches-we demonstrate that the probability of metapopulation extinction is smaller when the metapopulation is more compact. Both of these results become more pronounced when colonization connectivity decreases. Our results have important management implication as edge patches, which are invariably considered to be less important, may play an important role as disturbance refugia. r

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“…The creole subsistence gardens of the post-colonial era, incorporating the traditional pharmacopoeia, are replaced with ornamental and pleasure gardens whose organisation and richness generally depend on the social class of owners. If the presence of landscaped spaces and ornamental gardens is an almost vital need in the cities to improve the quality of life, it is not less so in the peri-urban and rural areas, the ornamental species are very common 3 . Their architecture and phenology contrast starkly with the natural vegetation irrespective of its characteristics.…”

Section: The Current State Of the Floristic Potential Of The Frenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At planet scale the human contacts have been associated with the introduction of a large number of species, in principal plants [1][2][3][4][5][6]. In the West Indies, this phenomenon is and has been very active since the Native American era [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%