Are Cecropia trees ecosystem engineers? The effect of decomposing Cecropia leaves on arthropod communities

Abstract

Ecosystem engineers structure species richness and the composition of biological communities. Although several studies have uncovered the importance of engineering environments, few studies have evaluated the effect of pioneering plants as ecosystem engineers, especially in tropical environments. When dead, Cecropia leaves become architecturally complex, acquiring a tridimensional shape due to desiccation, and may facilitate other organisms. Here, we evaluate the role of these dead leaves in structuring species richness, abundance, biomass, and composition of macroinvertebrate communities on leaf litter in six protected areas of Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. Predators were larger, more abundant, and presented higher standing stock in the presence of dead Cecropia leaves compared to soil debris (i.e., common leaf litter); however, detritivores had the opposite patterns. This resulted in shifts in body size structure of the assemblage, thus causing inversion of biomass pyramids to top‐heavy in advanced stages of Cecropia leaves desiccation. Dead Cecropia leaves did not influence species richness and abundance of species, but they influenced the biomass of detritivores and predators in the communities. Our results demonstrated that pioneer trees can act as ecosystem engineers, by facilitating communities of invertebrate predators. In addition, our results suggest that the presence of Cecropia leaves can mediate trophic interactions and shape food web structure on the forest floor. Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.

Ecosystem engineers shape ecological network structure and stability: A framework and literature review

“…Engineering can also provide refuges for prey, which then reduces consumer-prey interaction strength with potential beneficial impacts on prey diversity (Alvarez-Filip et al, 2011). Increased engineered habitat structure can support prey, increase the flow of energy to higher trophic levels, and thereby increasing predator richness (Wyckhuys et al, 2017) or predator biomass and body size (Breviglieri et al, 2019) and food chain length (Duarte et al, 2015).…”