Are Healthcare Expenditures Related to Economic Growth in China? Bootstrap ARDL Approach

Chang, Yu-Cheng; Chang, Tsangyao; Wang, Mei-Chih

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.766091

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…GHE, PHE, and SEG form the second node of the unidirectional causal relationship. Similar results were found by in four Indian states, in Nigeria, and in21…”

supporting

confidence: 89%

Breaking Barriers: Unlocking Opportunities to Optimize Public Health and Environmental Quality Benefits in Developing Economies

2023

Central European Management Journal

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The surge in healthcare costs in recent years can be attributed to the harmful effects of pollution, rapid economic expansion, and social issues that negatively impact public health. The study utilizes the most advanced statistical techniques available to investigate the impact of carbon dioxide emissions and environmental indices on government and private healthcare expenditures in six emerging economies from 1994 to 2021. The findings reveal that carbon emissions and environmental index have a significant positive impact on public healthcare expenditure but a negative effect on private healthcare spending in developing nations. Sustainable economic growth supports healthcare spending, whereas foreign direct investment has mixed impacts, deleterious to public expenditure but salutary to private spending. Population aging is associated with increased healthcare costs, while secondary education is demonstrated to reduce personal healthcare spending in developing economies. Moreover, the study affirms the healthwealth nexus prevails in developing economies. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers to pursue in optimizing public health and environmental quality benefits, which are inexorably linked to sustainable economic growth and progress in developing nations.

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“…GHE, PHE, and SEG form the second node of the unidirectional causal relationship. Similar results were found by in four Indian states, in Nigeria, and in21…”

supporting

confidence: 89%

Breaking Barriers: Unlocking Opportunities to Optimize Public Health and Environmental Quality Benefits in Developing Economies

2023

Central European Management Journal

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“…Alhowaish [ 16 ] and Chang et al [ 17 ] reached findings that support the income approach, which suggests that there is unidirectional causality between economic growth and health expenditures in Saudi Arabia and China. Yumuşak and Yildirim [ 18 ] and Mehrara and Musai [ 19 ] obtained results that support the health approach, which emphasizes the unidirectional causality between health expenditures and economic growth in Turkey and Iran.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Health Expenditures and Economic Growth in EU Countries: Empirical Evidence Using Panel Fourier Toda–Yamamoto Causality Test and Regression Models

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et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of health expenditures on economic growth in the period 2000–2019 in 27 European Union (EU) countries. First, the causality relationship between the variables was analyzed using the panel Fourier Toda–Yamamoto Causality test. The findings demonstrate a bidirectional causality relationship between health expenditures and economic growth on a panel basis. Secondly, the effects of health expenditures on economic growth were examined using the Random Forest Method for the panel and then for each country. According to the Random Forest Method, health expenditures positively affected economic growth, but on the country basis, the effect was different. Then, government health expenditures, private health expenditures, and out-of-pocket expenditures were used, and these three variables were ranked in order of importance in terms of their effects on growth using the Random Forest Method. Accordingly, government health expenditures were the most important variable for economic growth. Finally, Support Vector Regression, Gaussian Process Regression, and Decision Tree Regression models were designed for the simulation of the data used in this study, and the performances of the designed models were analyzed.

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Are Healthcare Expenditures Related to Economic Growth in China? Bootstrap ARDL Approach

Cited by 2 publications

References 27 publications

Breaking Barriers: Unlocking Opportunities to Optimize Public Health and Environmental Quality Benefits in Developing Economies

Breaking Barriers: Unlocking Opportunities to Optimize Public Health and Environmental Quality Benefits in Developing Economies

The Relationship between Health Expenditures and Economic Growth in EU Countries: Empirical Evidence Using Panel Fourier Toda–Yamamoto Causality Test and Regression Models

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