Are Grid-Like Representations a Component of All Perception and Cognition?

Chen, Zhe; Zhang, Xiaohan; Long, Xiaoyang; Zhang, Sheng-Jia

doi:10.3389/fncir.2022.924016

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 118 publications

(162 reference statements)

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“…Likewise, since the entorhinal plan can be the motif of broader cerebral cortical regions (Hawkins et al, 2019;Chen et al, 2022), then it can be construed that the local maps encoded by grid cells may be present in the other sensory modalities, and these maps may be linked to the entorhinal-hippocampal network for integrating sensory information with the prior information (memory). We represented our conceptual model in Supplementary Figure S3, involving the different sensory modalities.…”

Section: Grid-cell Based Motif For Mapping Of Visual Spacementioning

confidence: 99%

Empirically validated theoretical analysis of visual-spatial perception under change of nervous system arousal

Purohit

Nandakumar

Roy

2023

Front. Comput. Neurosci.

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IntroductionVisual-spatial perception is a process for extracting the spatial relationship between objects in the environment. The changes in visual-spatial perception due to factors such as the activity of the sympathetic nervous system (hyperactivation) or parasympathetic nervous system (hypoactivation) can affect the internal representation of the external visual-spatial world. We formulated a quantitative model of the modulation of visual-perceptual space under action by hyperactivation or hypoactivation-inducing neuromodulating agents. We showed a Hill equation based relationship between neuromodulator agent concentration and alteration of visual-spatial perception utilizing the metric tensor to quantify the visual space.MethodsWe computed the dynamics of the psilocybin (hyperactivation-inducing agent) and chlorpromazine (hypoactivation-inducing agent) in brain tissue. Then, we validated our quantitative model by analyzing the findings of different independent behavioral studies where subjects were assessed for alterations in visual-spatial perception under the action of psilocybin and under chlorpromazine. To validate the neuronal correlates, we simulated the effect of the neuromodulating agent on the computational model of the grid-cell network, and also performed diffusion MRI-based tractography to find the neural tracts between the cortical areas involved: V2 and the entorhinal cortex.ResultsWe applied our computational model to an experiment (where perceptual alterations were measured under psilocybin) and found that for n (Hill-coefficient) = 14.8 and k = 1.39, the theoretical prediction followed experimental observations very well (χ2 test robustly satisfied, p > 0.99). We predicted the outcome of another psilocybin-based experiment using these values (n = 14.8 and k = 1.39), whereby our prediction and experimental outcomes were well corroborated. Furthermore, we found that also under hypoactivation (chlorpromazine), the modulation of the visual-spatial perception follows our model. Moreover, we found neural tracts between the area V2 and entorhinal cortex, thus providing a possible brain network responsible for encoding visual-spatial perception. Thence, we simulated the altered grid-cell network activity, which was also found to follow the Hill equation.ConclusionWe developed a computational model of visuospatial perceptual alterations under altered neural sympathetic/parasympathetic tone. We validated our model using analysis of behavioral studies, neuroimaging assessment, and neurocomputational evaluation. Our quantitative approach may be probed as a potential behavioral screening and monitoring methodology in neuropsychology to analyze perceptual misjudgment and mishaps by highly stressed workers.

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Section: Grid-cell Based Motif For Mapping Of Visual Spacementioning

confidence: 99%

Empirically validated theoretical analysis of visual-spatial perception under change of nervous system arousal

Purohit

Nandakumar

Roy

2023

Front. Comput. Neurosci.

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Excitatory-inhibitory recurrent dynamics produce robust visual grids and stable attractors

Zhang¹,

Long²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

Cell Reports

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A model of how hierarchical representations constructed in the hippocampus are used to navigate through space

Chalmers,

Bardal,

McDonald

et al. 2024

Adaptive Behavior

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Animals can navigate through complex environments with amazing flexibility and efficiency: they forage over large areas, quickly learning rewarding behavior and changing their plans when necessary. Some insights into the neural mechanisms supporting this ability can be found in the hippocampus (HPC)—a brain structure involved in navigation, learning, and memory. Neuronal activity in the HPC provides a hierarchical representation of space, representing an environment at multiple scales. In addition, it has been observed that when memory-consolidation processes in the HPC are inactivated, animals can still plan and navigate in a familiar environment but not in new environments. Findings like these suggest three useful principles: spatial learning is hierarchical, learning a hierarchical world-model is intrinsically valuable, and action planning occurs as a downstream process separate from learning. Here, we demonstrate computationally how an agent could learn hierarchical models of an environment using off-line replay of trajectories through that environment and show empirically that this allows computationally efficient planning to reach arbitrary goals within a reinforcement learning setting. Using the computational model to simulate hippocampal damage reproduces navigation behaviors observed in rodents with hippocampal inactivation. The approach presented here might help to clarify different interpretations of some spatial navigation studies in rodents and present some implications for future studies of both machine and biological intelligence.

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Are Grid-Like Representations a Component of All Perception and Cognition?

Cited by 3 publications

References 118 publications

Empirically validated theoretical analysis of visual-spatial perception under change of nervous system arousal

Empirically validated theoretical analysis of visual-spatial perception under change of nervous system arousal

Excitatory-inhibitory recurrent dynamics produce robust visual grids and stable attractors

A model of how hierarchical representations constructed in the hippocampus are used to navigate through space

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