Are Generation X’ers Different than Late Boomers? Family and Earnings Trends among Recent Cohorts of Women at Young Adulthood

Tamborini, Christopher R.; Iams, Howard M.

doi:10.1007/s11113-010-9178-x

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…We limit our study of these earnings data to the year 2008 to minimize the possibly unique effects associated with the Great Recession (e.g., excessive unemployment, wage stagnation, financial depreciation). A number of studies have used Social Security earnings data (Couch et al 2013a, b; Haas et al 2011; Haider and Solon 2006; Kim and Tamborini 2012; Tamborini and Iams 2011), but our analysis is the first to use them to investigate differences in lifetime earnings by education. More-detailed descriptions of the SSA administrative records and survey matches may be found elsewhere (McNabb et al 2009; Tamborini and Iams 2011).…”

Section: Analytic Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Education and Lifetime Earnings in the United States

2015

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Differences in lifetime earnings by educational attainment have been of great research and policy interest. Although a large literature examines earnings differences by educational attainment, research on lifetime earnings—which refers to total accumulated earnings from entry into the labor market until retirement—remains limited because of the paucity of adequate data. Using data that match respondents in the Survey of Income and Program Participation to their longitudinal tax earnings as recorded by the Social Security Administration, we estimate the 50-year work career effects of education on lifetime earnings for men and women. By overcoming the purely synthetic cohort approach, our results provide a more realistic appraisal of actual patterns of lifetime earnings. Detailed estimates are provided for gross lifetime earnings by education; net lifetime earnings after controlling for covariates associated with the probability of obtaining a bachelor’s degree; and the net present 50-year lifetime value of education at age 20. In addition, we provide estimates that include individuals with zero earnings and disability. We also assess the adequacy of the purely synthetic cohort approach, which uses age differences in earnings observed in cross-sectional surveys to approximate lifetime earnings. Overall, our results confirm the persistent positive effects of higher education on earnings over different stages of the work career and over a lifetime, but also reveal notably smaller net effects on lifetime earnings compared with previously reported estimates. We discuss the implications of these and other findings.

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Section: Analytic Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Education and Lifetime Earnings in the United States

2015

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“…We henceforth refer to this matched longitudinal data set as the SIPP-IRS. More detailed descriptions of the SSA administrative records and survey matches may be found elsewhere (see McNabb et al 2009; Tamborini and Iams 2011; Kim and Tamborini 2014). …”

Section: Analytic Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Field of Study in College and Lifetime Earnings in the United States

2015

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Our understanding about the relationship between education and lifetime earnings often neglects differences by field of study. Utilizing data that matches respondents in the Survey of Income and Program Participation to their longitudinal earnings records based on administrative tax information, we investigate the trajectories of annual earnings following the same individuals over 20 years and then estimate the long-term effects of field of study on earnings for U.S. men and women. Our results provide new evidence revealing large lifetime earnings gaps across field of study. We show important differences in individuals’ earnings trajectories across the different stages of the work-life by field of study. In addition, the gaps in 40-year (i.e., ages 20 to 59) median lifetime earnings among college graduates by field of study are larger, in many instances, than the median gap between high school graduates and college graduates overall. Significant variation is also found among graduate degree holders. Our results uncover important similarities and differences between men and women with regard to the long-term earnings differentials associated with field of study. In general, these findings underscore field of study as a critical dimension of horizontal stratification in educational attainment. Other implications of the empirical findings are also discussed.

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“…Thus, participant comments support general research on this cohort (Gerson, 2009; Tamborini and Iams, 2011) and illuminate specific constraints that Gen Xers are likely to face in their later years, such as lack of time, financial resources and changing familial responsibilities and structures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Implications of generational change: European river cruises and the emerging Gen X market

Cooper

Holmes

Pforr

et al. 2018

Journal of Vacation Marketing

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This article focuses on the Generation X (Gen X) cohort that will replace the baby boomers as the main target market for tourism experiences tailored specifically to the senior/mature market in the coming years. Its context is a successful segment of the cruising industry: the European river cruising sector. The study explores the potential impacts of this generational change on river cruising. Little is currently known about Gen X’s tourism motivations, expectations and behaviour. Generational theory is employed in this study as the framework to identify distinct features of the Gen X cohort. Using a phenomenological research design, 39 in-depth interviews were conducted with participants in two important European river cruise source market countries, Australia and the United States. Findings of this study indicate that Gen Xers have distinct tourism motivations, needs and interests that have evolved from their formative experiences. A range of political, financial and social issues have been identified that may affect Gen Xers’ predisposition towards products aimed for the mature market such as European river cruises in their currently offered format. The study contributes to tourism theory, offering an understanding of Gen Xers’ desire and ability to participate in such tourism activities in the future.

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Are Generation X’ers Different than Late Boomers? Family and Earnings Trends among Recent Cohorts of Women at Young Adulthood

Abstract: Generation X, Women, Family and earnings, Young adulthood, Social Security longitudinal earnings data,

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

Education and Lifetime Earnings in the United States

Education and Lifetime Earnings in the United States

Field of Study in College and Lifetime Earnings in the United States

Implications of generational change: European river cruises and the emerging Gen X market

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