Are gender differences in cardiovascular disease risk factors explained by the level of visceral adipose tissue?

Lemieux, Simon; Despr??s, J. P.; Moorjani, Sital; Nadeau, Alexandra; Th??riault, G.; Prud’homme, Daniel; Tremblay, Andréanne; Bouchard, Christian; Lupien, P. J.

doi:10.1007/s001250050176

Cited by 38 publications

(50 citation statements)

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“…Caucasian men in the present study showed a positive association between TAG concentrations and waist (r ¼ 0.275, P ¼ 0.04), BMI (r ¼ 0.381, P ¼ 0.01) and suprailiac (r ¼ 0.314, P ¼ 0.04). These data support findings from other studies performed on Caucasian men, 21,22,[56][57][58][59] although not all. 30,31 However, the expected positive association between waist (or any other measure of adiposity) and circulating TAG was not observed in the Sikh men.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Lack of association between central adiposity and lipaemia in UK Sikh men

et al. 2003

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OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the positive statistical associations between measures of total and regional adiposity and measures of glucose, insulin and triacylglycerol (TAG) metabolism reported in Caucasian men, are also observed in UK Sikhs. DESIGN: A matched cross-sectional study in which each volunteer provided a blood sample after a 12-h overnight fast and had anthropometric measurements taken. SUBJECTS: A total of 55 healthy Caucasian and 55 healthy UK Sikh men were recruited. The Caucasian and Sikh men were matched for age (48.7710.9 and 48.3710.0 y, respectively) and body mass index (BMI) (26.172.8 and 26.373.2 kg/m 2 , respectively). MEASUREMENTS: Anthropometric measurements were performed to assess total and regional fat depots. The concentrations of plasma total cholesterol, high-density cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density cholesterol (LDL-C) and small dense LDL (LDL3), TAG, glucose, fasting insulin (ins) and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were analysed in fasted plasma. Surrogate measures of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and insulin sensitivity (RQUICKI) were calculated from insulin and glucose (HOMA-IR) and insulin, glucose and NEFA (RQUICKI) measurements. RESULTS: The Sikh men had significantly higher body fat, with the sum of the four skinfold measurements (Ssk) (P ¼ 0.0001) and subscapular skinfold value (P ¼ 0.009) higher compared with the Caucasian men. The Sikh volunteers also had characteristics of the metabolic syndrome: lower HDL-C (P ¼ 0.07), higher TAG (P ¼ 0.004), higher % LDL3 (P ¼ 0.0001) and insulin resistance (P ¼ 0.05 ). Both ethnic groups demonstrated positive correlations between insulin and waist circumference (Caucasian: r ¼ 0.661, P ¼ 0.0001; Sikh: r ¼ 0.477, P ¼ 0.0001). The Caucasian men also demonstrated significant positive correlations between central adiposity (r ¼ 0.275, P ¼ 0.04), other measures of adiposity (BMI and suprailiac skinfold) and plasma TAG, whereas the Sikh men showed no correlation for central adiposity (r ¼ 0.019, ns) and TAG with a trend to a negative relationship between other measures (Ssk and suprailiac) which reached near significance for subscapular skinfold and TAG (r ¼ À0.246, P ¼ 0.007). The expected positive association between insulin and TAG was observed in the Caucasian men (r ¼ 0.318, P ¼ 0.04) but not in the Sikh men (r ¼ 0.011, ns). CONCLUSIONS: In the Caucasian men, the expected positive association between plasma TAG and centralized body fat was observed. However, a lack of association between centralized, or any other measure of adiposity, and plasma TAG was observed in the matched Sikh men, although both ethnic groups showed the positive association between centralized body fat and insulin resistance, which was less strong for Sikhs. These findings in the Sikh men were not consistent with the hypothesis that there is a clear causal relationship between body fat and its distribution, insulin resistance, and lipid abnormalities associated with the metabolic syndrome, in this ethnic group.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Lack of association between central adiposity and lipaemia in UK Sikh men

et al. 2003

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“…Previous studies had reported sex differences in fasting plasma lipoprotein-lipid concentrations, including lower TG and higher HDL cholesterol levels in women than in men. 33,34 In the present study, compared with white women, white men were characterized by higher plasma TG and apoB concentrations as well as by lower HDL cholesterol levels. These differences were also noted in blacks.…”

Section: Effect Of Sexmentioning

confidence: 41%

Race, Visceral Adipose Tissue, Plasma Lipids, and Lipoprotein Lipase Activity in Men and Women

Després¹,

Couillard

Gagnon

et al. 2000

ATVB

336

118

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Abstract-Abdominal obesity is associated with numerous metabolic alterations, such as hypertriglyceridemia and low levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. However, compared with abdominally obese white individuals, abdominally obese black individuals have been characterized by higher plasma HDL cholesterol levels, suggesting that the impact of abdominal fat accumulation on the lipoprotein-lipid profile may differ among ethnic groups. Therefore, we have compared the associations between body fatness, visceral adipose tissue (AT) accumulation, and metabolic risk variables in a sample of 247 white men and 240 white women versus a sample of 93 black men and 143 black women. Although no difference in mean total body fatness was found between the 2 race groups, white men had higher levels of visceral AT than did black men (PϽ0.001). Despite the fact that black women had a greater body fat content than did white women, black women had levels of visceral AT that were similar to those of white women, suggesting a lower susceptibility to visceral obesity in black women. This lower accumulation of visceral AT in blacks was accompanied by significantly reduced apolipoprotein B concentrations and ratios of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol as well as higher plasma HDL cholesterol levels (PϽ0.05) compared with those values in whites. Irrespective of sex, higher postheparin plasma hepatic lipase (HL) and lower lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activities were found in whites, resulting in an HL/LPL ratio that was twice as high in whites as in blacks (PϽ0.005). Although differences in lipoprotein-lipid levels were noted between whites and blacks, results from multiple regression analyses revealed that after control for morphometric and metabolic variables of the study (body fat mass, visceral AT, LPL, HL, and age), ethnicity had, per se, only a minor contribution to the variance in plasma lipoprotein levels. Thus, our results suggest that the higher plasma HDL cholesterol levels and the generally more cardioprotective plasma lipoprotein profile found in abdominally obese black versus white individuals are explained, at least to a certain extent, by a lower visceral AT deposition and a higher plasma LPL activity in black individuals. bdominal obesity has been shown to be associated with the features of the insulin resistance-dyslipidemic syndrome, especially among patients characterized by an excess of visceral adipose tissue (AT). 1-5 Race differences have been reported in the relationship of body fatness to visceral AT accumulation, with whites being more prone to visceral AT deposition than blacks for any level of total body fat. 6 -8 We have also previously shown that excess visceral AT accumulation was related to reduced plasma HDL cholesterol levels in obese white subjects. 9 Because obese black individuals have been characterized by higher plasma HDL cholesterol levels than obese white individuals, 6,7,10 we have tested the hypothesis that the lower accumulation of visceral AT could be responsible for the higher ...

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“…Although increase in gynoid adipose tissue also correlates to CVD risk in obese women (mainly due to the general increase in weight), high storage of fat in the gynoid region relative to total fat is negatively related to CVD risk (Wiklund et al, 2008). Excessive accumulation of fat in the abdominal region has strongly been associated with metabolic alterations such as disturbed plasma lipoprotein profiles, hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance (Lemieux et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender-Dependent Associations of Metabolite Profiles and Body Fat Distribution in a Healthy Population with Central Obesity: Towards Metabolomics Diagnostics

Szymańska

Bouwman

Strassburg

et al. 2012

OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology

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Gender-dependent associations of metabolite profiles and body fat distribution in a healthy population with central obesity: towards metabolomics diagnostics Szymanska, E.; Bouwman, J.; Strassburg, K.; Vervoort, J.; Kangas, A.J.; Soininen, P.; AlaKorpela, M.; Westerhuis, J.A.; van Duynhoven, J.P.M.; Mela, D.J.; Macdonald, I.A.; Vreeken, R.J.; Smilde, A.K.; Jacobs, D.M. Published in: Omics DOI:10.1089/omi.2012.0062 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA):Szymaska, E., Bouwman, J., Strassburg, K., Vervoort, J., Kangas, A. J., Soininen, P., ... Jacobs, D. M. (2012). Gender-dependent associations of metabolite profiles and body fat distribution in a healthy population with central obesity: towards metabolomics diagnostics. Omics, 16(12), 652-667. DOI: 10.1089/omi.2012.0062 General rightsIt is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. AbstractObesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes especially when the fat is accumulated to central depots. Novel biomarkers are crucial to develop diagnostics for obesity and related metabolic disorders. We evaluated the associations between metabolite profiles (136 lipid components, 12 lipoprotein subclasses, 17 low-molecular-weight metabolites, 12 clinical markers) and 28 phenotype parameters (including different body fat distribution parameters such as android (A), gynoid (G), abdominal visceral (VAT), subcutaneous (SAT) fat) in 215 plasma/serum samples from healthy overweight men (n = 32) and women (n = 83) with central obesity.(Partial) correlation analysis and partial least squares (PLS) regression analysis showed that only specific metabolites were associated to A:G ratio, VAT, and SAT, respectively. These association patterns were gender dependent. For example, insulin, cholesterol, VLDL, and certain triacylglycerols (TG 54:1-3) correlated to VAT in women, while in men VAT was associated with TG 50:1-5, TG 55:1, phosphatidylcholine (PC 32:0), and VLDL ((X)L). Moreover, multiple regression analysis revealed that waist circumference and total fat were sufficient to predict VAT and SAT in women. In contrast, only VAT but not SAT could be predicted in men and only when plasma metabolites were included, with PC 32:0 being most strongly associated with VAT. These findings collectively highlight the p...

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Are gender differences in cardiovascular disease risk factors explained by the level of visceral adipose tissue?

Cited by 38 publications

References 31 publications

Lack of association between central adiposity and lipaemia in UK Sikh men

Lack of association between central adiposity and lipaemia in UK Sikh men

Race, Visceral Adipose Tissue, Plasma Lipids, and Lipoprotein Lipase Activity in Men and Women

Gender-Dependent Associations of Metabolite Profiles and Body Fat Distribution in a Healthy Population with Central Obesity: Towards Metabolomics Diagnostics

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