Are Fluoroquinolones Superior Antibiotics for the Treatment of Community-Acquired Pneumonia?

Environmental context Photolysis is one of the most important transformation pathways in natural ecosystem for enrofloxacin (Enro), which is a hazard for humans and other living organisms. The effects of NO3– and humic acid on Enro photolysis were found to be light-source dependent. These results are of significance toward the goal of providing insight into the transformation and fate of Enro in the environment. Abstract The light-source-dependent effects of NO3– and humic acid (HA) on enrofloxacin (Enro) photolysis kinetics in aqueous solutions were investigated under solar, UV-254 and UV-365 lamp irradiation. NO3– was found to suppress Enro photolysis through competitive photoabsorption under UV-365 irradiation, whereas it accelerated Enro photolysis under UV-254 and solar irradiation as a result of NO3– photosensitisation. Similarly, HA enhanced, inhibited or had no obvious effect on Enro photolysis under different light irradiation conditions. Even under the same light irradiation conditions, the effect of HA on Enro photolysis varied with HA concentration. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger experiments demonstrated that Enro photolysis undergoes •OH- and 1O2-mediated self-sensitised photolysis. The photolysis pathway of Enro involved decarboxylation, defluorination and piperazinyl N4-dealkylation reactions. The toxicity towards Vibrio fischeri luminescent bacteria under solar irradiation was different from that under UV irradiation. The 90-min toxicity of Enro and its photoproducts increased under solar irradiation but decreased under UV-365 and UV-254 irradiation compared to the initial Enro toxicity, which indicated that UV light not only had higher photolysis efficiency but also posed less toxicity towards bacteria than solar.

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Effects of nitrate and humic acid on enrofloxacin photolysis in an aqueous system under three light conditions: kinetics and mechanism

Niu

Shang

et al. 2014

Environ. Chem.

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Comparison of pharmacokinetics between new quinolone antibiotics: the zabofloxacin hydrochloride capsule and the zabofloxacin aspartate tablet

Han

Kim

Shin

et al. 2013

Current Medical Research and Opinion

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C o p y r i g h t © 2 0 1 3 I n f o r m a U K L i m i t e d N o t f o r S a l e o r C o m m e r c i a l D i s t r i b u t i o n U n a u t h o r i z e d u s e p r o h i b i t e d . A u t h o r i s e d u s e r s c a n d o w n l o a d , Abstract Objectives:Zabofloxacin is being developed as a new fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is a potent and selective inhibitor of the essential bacterial type II topoisomerases and topoisomerase IV. Zabofloxacin is indicated for community-acquired respiratory infections due to Gram-positive bacteria. The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics (PK) of the zabofloxacin hydrochloride 400 mg capsule (DW224a, 366.7 mg as zabofloxacin) with the PK of the zabofloxacin aspartate 488 mg tablet (DW224aa, 366.5 mg as zabofloxacin) in healthy Korean male volunteers to assess the bioequivalence between the two drug formulations. Methods:A randomized, open-label, single-dose, two-way crossover study was performed. The subjects received either DW224a or DW224aa according to their sequence group. Plasma concentrations of zabofloxacin were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The maximum plasma concentrations (C max ), the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC) from the time of dosing to 48 hours post-dosing (AUC last ), and the AUC extrapolated to infinity (AUC inf ) were determined from the plasma concentration-time profile. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01341249). Results:Twenty-nine of the 32 subjects enrolled completed the study. The C max , AUC last , and AUC inf (mean AE SD) values of DW224a were 1889.7 AE 493.4 ng/mL, 11,110 AE 2005.0 ng*h/mL, and 11,287 AE 2012.6 ng*h/ mL, respectively, and those of DW224aa were 2005.0 AE 341.3 ng/mL, 11,719 AE 2507.5 ng*h/mL, and 11,913 AE 2544.8 ng*h/mL, respectively. The geometric mean ratios (90% confidence intervals) of the C max , AUC last , and AUC inf were 1.08 (1.00-1.17), 1.05 (1.00-1.10), and 1.05 (1.00-1.10), respectively, and were within the bioequivalence acceptance range of 0.8-1.25. Both drugs were well tolerated with no serious adverse events. Conclusion:A single oral dose of DW224a or DW224aa to healthy volunteers appeared to be well tolerated. Both DW224a and DW224aa exhibited comparable PK profiles and were bioequivalent in terms of PK parameters. Further studies in patients are needed to corroborate the result of this study. ! 2013 Informa UK Ltd www.cmrojournal.com Pharmacokinetic comparison of new quinolone zabofloxacins Han et al. 1349

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The DDD-monitoring of consumption of fluoroquinolones when treating community-acquired pneumonia in a multi-specialty hospital in the Republic of Tajikistan

2017

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The DDD-monitoring of consumption of fluoroquinolones when treating community-acquired pneumonia in a multi-specialty hospital in the Republic of Tajikistan Community-acquired pneumonia is one of the most common diseases and is still the leading cause of death among infectious diseases. Such drugs as β-lactam antibiotics, new macrolides (azithromycin, clarithromycin) and respiratory fluoroquinolones are of the greatest importance in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in adult patients worldwide.Aim. To analyze and assess the dynamics of consumption of fluoroquinolones for the treatment of communityacquired pneumonia in a multi-specialty hospital in the Republic of Tajikistan using the DDD-methodology. Materials and methods.A retrospective descriptive analysis of medical prescriptions for pharmacotherapy of patients treated in the Pulmonology department of the Sogdigh Regional Clinical Hospital (Khujand, Republic of Tajikistan) was performed. The consumption of fluoroquinolones was estimated according to the ATC/DDD index of the WHO. The unit of measurement used was the number of grams of the active substance with further calculation of the DDD/100 beddays and % of the total DDD.Results and discussion. The DDD analysis of consumption of fluoroquinolones in the Pulmonology department of the multi-specialty hospital showed a significant change in the structure of consumption of this group of drugs for the initial antibiotic therapy of community-acquired pneumonia in the last five years. A clear tendency was observed to reduce the consumption of this class of drugs in 2011-2015. There is a significant reduction in the consumption of ofloxacin and levofloxacin against the background of a slight tendency to increase the demand for ciprofloxacin in the treatment of pneumonia in the inpatient drug treatment.Conclusions. Monitoring of the consumption of antimicrobial drugs from the fluoroquinolone group for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in the Pulmonology department of the multi-specialty hospital using the ATS/DDD-methodology makes it possible to assess the tactics of community-acquired pneumonia treatment in this region, its compliance with the international standards and the risks of developing the drug-resistant microflora, in particular to fluoroquinolones.Key words: pharmacoepidemiology; fluoroquinolones; community-acquired pneumonia Л. В. Савченкова, М. Н. Саїдова, Н. С. Сангінова DDD-моніторинг споживання фторохінолонів при позалікарняній пневмонії в багатопрофільному стаціонарі Республіки ТаджикистанПозалікарняна пневмонія відноситься до числа найбільш поширених захворювань і до теперішнього часу залишається провідною причиною смерті через інфекційні хвороби. Найбільше значення в лікуванні пневмонії у дорослих пацієнтів у світі мають β-лактамні антибіотики, «нові» макроліди (азитроміцин, кларитроміцин) та «респіраторні» фторохінолони.Мета: аналіз та оцінка динаміки споживання фторохінолонів для лікування пневмонії в багатопрофільному стаціонарі Республіки Таджикистан з використанням DD...

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Are Fluoroquinolones Superior Antibiotics for the Treatment of Community-Acquired Pneumonia?

Cited by 3 publications

References 74 publications

Effects of nitrate and humic acid on enrofloxacin photolysis in an aqueous system under three light conditions: kinetics and mechanism

Effects of nitrate and humic acid on enrofloxacin photolysis in an aqueous system under three light conditions: kinetics and mechanism

Comparison of pharmacokinetics between new quinolone antibiotics: the zabofloxacin hydrochloride capsule and the zabofloxacin aspartate tablet

The DDD-monitoring of consumption of fluoroquinolones when treating community-acquired pneumonia in a multi-specialty hospital in the Republic of Tajikistan

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