Are farmers expert at identifying workable days for tillage?

Cerf, Marianne; Papy, François; Angevin, Frédérique

doi:10.1051/agro:19980103

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Afin de relier les connaissances exprimées à un contexte non pas seulement d'énonciation, mais d'action, il faut pouvoir les exprimer par rapport à une tâche à accomplir ou un contexte de référence. Nous rejoignons ici certains travaux, comme ceux de Cerf et al (1998) qui, à propos de la tâche de démarrage du travail du sol au printemps, ont identifié par des méthodes de psychologie expérimentale les indicateurs d'états du sol partagés entre agriculteurs.…”

Section: Connaissances Spécifiques Et Génériques Méthodes Et Niveauxunclassified

Quelles synergies entre connaissances scientifiques et empiriques ? L'exemple des cultures du safran et de la truffe

Girard¹,

Navarrete

2005

Nat. Sci. Soc.

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Pour poursuivre les réflexions sur la prise en compte des connaissances et des savoir-faire des praticiens dans le raisonnement scientifique, ici celui des agronomes, cet article ébauche les bases d'une approche transdisciplinaire. Elle ne vise pas seulement à intégrer des connaissances empiriques dans la démarche scientifique, mais à caractériser une diversité d'approches croisées. Le cas des deux cultures présentées ici, la truffe et le safran, en fournit un support particulièrement pertinent, car, exploitées par des producteurs d'une grande diversité, pas forcément agriculteurs, elles sont très mal connues des agronomes. De surcroît, elles se cachent sous la terre ! Au lecteur d'en découvrir les mystères. . . La RédactionMots-clés : safran ; truffe ; agronomie ; connaissances empiriques ; connaissances scientifiques ; ingénierie Résumé -Dans un contexte de redéfinition des fonctions de l'agriculture dans la société, les « systèmes de connaissance agricole » doivent concevoir de nouveaux modes de collaboration entre agriculteurs, agents de développement et scientifiques, mais aussi renouveler les connaissances à produire. Peu de travaux portent sur le contenu des connaissances à construire dans ces situations. Ce texte part de l'hypothèse que des connaissances agronomiques peuvent émerger d'une synergie entre connaissances empiriques des praticiens et connaissances scientifiques. Il s'attache à explorer cette nouvelle forme de production de connaissances, à partir des cas du safran et de la truffe, deux cultures dont la maîtrise technique constitue un frein majeur à leur développement. En confrontant les données sur les connaissances des safraniers et trufficulteurs à la littérature scientifique et technique existant sur ces cultures et à la théorie agronomique, ce texte propose quatre modes de combinaison entre connaissances empiriques et scientifiques. Abstract -Exploring synergies between scientific and empirical knowledge: the case of saffron and truffle cropping in France.Knowledge systems in agriculture need to devise new forms of collaboration between farmers, development agents and researchers in the current socio-economic context in which the social functions of agriculture are being questioned. So far very few research studies have addressed the issue of the knowledge content to be produced in such situations. Our paper rests on the hypothesis that the synergy between the empirical knowledge of producers and scientific knowledge is able to generate new agronomic knowledge. We explored this new form of knowledge production by examining two situations: saffron cultivation in southwestern France and French truffle production, for which the technical management is a major hindrance to their development. We show that neither scientific nor empirical knowledge on their own are sufficient to improve it. On the basis of an "engineering of agronomic knowledge" approach that makes explicit and combines knowledges from different sources, we then propose four modes of synergy: (1) translating the objectives and p...

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Section: Connaissances Spécifiques Et Génériques Méthodes Et Niveauxunclassified

Quelles synergies entre connaissances scientifiques et empiriques ? L'exemple des cultures du safran et de la truffe

Girard¹,

Navarrete

2005

Nat. Sci. Soc.

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“…The discrepancy between the representations on which researchers and engineers base their advice, and the manner in which farmers make their decisions has been shown in various studies [3,13,27,34,54]. As most of the available decision support tools (based on models and/or nitrogen status of the soil or the plant, see above) are constructed around the representations of researchers and engineers, this discrepancy results in underuse of the tools developed, leading to the persistence of environmentally damaging practices, even if solutions are known.…”

Section: Do: the Use Of Decision Support Tools By Farmers And Their Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The variability within this group of plots is not considered in terms of crop functioning, but in terms of the changes that the farmer thinks it necessary to incorporate into Decision support tools and environmental management his "routine procedure" for a given task [11]. Observation is therefore guided by the identification of situations that the farmer considers to be outside the conditions of validity for this routine procedure [13]. For nitrogen fertiliser application, for example, research has shown that most farmers have the same kind of routine procedure, based on a mean rate of fertiliser application and several simple rules used for adjusting this rate as a function of cropping history and soil type and, in some cases, year [12].…”

Section: The Use Of Decision Support Tools By Farmersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which decision support tools for the environmental management of nitrogen?

Meynard

Cerf

Guichard³

et al. 2002

Agronomie

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-Which decision support tools should be developed to help agricultural stakeholders manage nitrogen in an environmentally friendly way? This paper presents the limitations of current decision support tools with respect to the implementation of a four-step quality spiral. PLAN: planning technical actions that satisfy both economic and environmental constraints. The priorities are to develop decision tools at the farm and the regional levels, and to estimate the indirect effects of nitrogen on the environment due to its interaction with pesticides.

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“…Farmer surveys were developed to analyse the spatial organisation of land occupancy and farmland use practices (Girard et al, 2001). Cerf et al (1998) investigated the decision-making ability of farmers to identify workable days for soil tillage. However, certain reviews and critiques (Niemeijer, 1995;Talawar and Rhoades, 1998) argue that, the use of local soil knowledge in agricultural planning and development has remained limited and problematic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%