While online assessment provides a variety of opportunities for teachers and students such as fast scoring and immediate feedback, it also entails several challenges such as online test anxiety. Extreme feelings of stress and anxiety often have debilitating effects on learners' abilities and performances on exams. This chapter aimed at determining pre-service EFL (English as a foreign language) teachers' concerns over online exams and test anxiety. The participants included 62 pre-service EFL teachers at the Department of Foreign Language Education at a state university in Turkey. The responses provided by the participants were subject to content analysis to determine the factors leading to debilitative anxiety. The results indicated that several factors such as technical difficulties and (contract) cheating were among the challenges faced during online assessment with time limitations.