Are electric self-balancing scooters safe in vehicle crash accidents?

Xu, Jun; Shang, Shi; Yu, Guizhen; Qi, Hongsheng; Wang, Yunpeng; Xu, Shibo

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2015.10.022

Cited by 45 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The friction coefficient for the ESS wheels against the ground is also set as 0.3. The models, along with the parameters, have been applied in previous studies [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 50th percentile male pedestrian model of MADYMO human database [ 27 ] is chosen as the ESS rider human model for the process of vehicle ESS contact. The validated pedestrian model [ 28 ] is widely used in vehicle VRU accident simulations and analysis [ 6 , 22 ] to predict the injury and capture the kinematic response. Both solowheel and doublewheel ESS riders were set as standing posture, as shown in Figure 1(a) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, only a few studies on ESS safety have been conducted. Xu et al [ 5 , 6 ] first analyzed the ESS riders' head injuries caused by vehicular or ground impact. Under the same impact situation, the ESS rider's head impacts the windshield 20~60 ms later compared to the pedestrian.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, very few comparative studies about the ESS riders' head injuries caused by vehicles could be found. A preliminary study has been conducted in which the head injury of an ESS rider caused by windshield impact was examined [ 6 ]. The aim of the study is to evaluate the safety of electric self-balancing scooters (ESSs) through examining head-brain injuries caused by vehicle contact and understanding how the factors influence the effect on the severity of the ESS rider's brain injury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical Investigation on Head and Brain Injuries Caused by Windshield Impact on Riders Using Electric Self-Balancing Scooters

Shang

Zheng

Shen

et al. 2018

Applied Bionics and Biomechanics

Self Cite

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To investigate head-brain injuries caused by windshield impact on riders using electric self-balancing scooters (ESS). Numerical vehicle ESS crash scenarios are constructed by combining the finite element (FE) vehicle model and multibody scooter/rider models. Impact kinematic postures of the head-windshield contact under various impact conditions are captured. Then, the processes during head-windshield contact are reconstructed using validated FE head/laminated windshield models to assess the severity of brain injury caused by the head-windshield contact. Governing factors, such as vehicle speed, ESS speed, and the initial orientation of ESS rider, have nontrivial influences over the severity of a rider's brain injuries. Results also show positive correlations between vehicle speed and head-windshield impact speeds (linear and angular). Meanwhile, the time of head-windshield contact happens earlier when the vehicle speed is faster. According to the intensive study, windshield-head contact speed (linear and angular), impact location on the windshield, and head collision area are found to be direct factors on ESS riders' brain injuries during an impact. The von Mises stress and shear stress rise when relative contact speed of head-windshield increases. Brain injury indices vary widely when the head impacting the windshield from center to the edge or impacting with different areas.

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“…The friction coefficient for the ESS wheels against the ground is also set as 0.3. The models, along with the parameters, have been applied in previous studies [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Numerical Investigation on Head and Brain Injuries Caused by Windshield Impact on Riders Using Electric Self-Balancing Scooters

Shang

Zheng

Shen

et al. 2018

Applied Bionics and Biomechanics

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The research found that majority of the injuries to occupants are a result of secondary collisions between occupants and other objects [ 17 – 19 ]. The occupant secondary collision means that the injury is caused by the contact with the interior of the vehicle [ 20 – 22 ]. The head injury is the most investigated traffic injury, and the head injury criterion (HIC) is the most commonly used injury index to passengers [ 20 – 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation of Dynamic Responses and Head Injuries of Standing Subway Passengers during Collisions

Peng

Hou

et al. 2018

Applied Bionics and Biomechanics

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With the development of the subway and the pressing demand of environmentally friendly transportation, more and more people travel by subway. In recent decades, the issues about passenger passive safety on the train have received extensive attention. In this research, the head injury of a standing passenger in the subway is investigated. Three MADYMO models of the different standing passenger postures, defined as baseline scenarios, are numerically set up. HIC15 values of passengers with different postures are gained by systematic parametric studies. The injury numerical simulation results of various scenarios with different friction coefficients, collision acceleration, standing angle, horizontal handrail height, and ring handrail height are analyzed. Results show that the horizontal handrail provides better protection in the three different standing passenger postures. Different friction coefficients and the standing angle have great impact on the head injuries of passengers in three different scenarios. The handrail height also has some effects on head injury of passengers with different standing postures, so it is necessary to be considered when designing the interior layout of the subway. This study may provide guidance for the safety design of the subway and some advices for standing subway passengers.

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Riding personal mobility vehicles on the road: an analysis of the intentions of Chinese users

Feng

Jiang

et al. 2019

Cogn Tech Work

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Are electric self-balancing scooters safe in vehicle crash accidents?

Cited by 45 publications

References 33 publications

Numerical Investigation on Head and Brain Injuries Caused by Windshield Impact on Riders Using Electric Self-Balancing Scooters

Numerical Investigation on Head and Brain Injuries Caused by Windshield Impact on Riders Using Electric Self-Balancing Scooters

An Investigation of Dynamic Responses and Head Injuries of Standing Subway Passengers during Collisions

Riding personal mobility vehicles on the road: an analysis of the intentions of Chinese users

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