Are digital devices a new risk factor for myopia?

Loughman, James; Flitcroft, Daniel Ian

doi:10.1016/s2589-7500(21)00231-4

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…An increase in access to education exposes children to an increase in near work activities such as reading, which is considered a significant contributory mechanism for myopia development. Mobile phone penetration in Africa has also increased rapidly, increasing from 1% in 2000 to 54% in 2012, 94 representing a new form of near work that has also been implicated as a potential risk of myopia 95–97 . Furthermore, many African countries have been identified as some of the fastest growing economies in the world 98 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mobile phone penetration in Africa has also increased rapidly, increasing from 1% in 2000 to 54% in 2012, 94 representing a new form of near work that has also been implicated as a potential risk of myopia. 95 , 96 , 97 Furthermore, many African countries have been identified as some of the fastest growing economies in the world. 98 This is typically associated with increased urbanisation 92 , 99 and other environmental and lifestyle changes, such as less time spent outdoors, known to increase risk of myopia development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Globally, myopia is expected to affect half of the world's population by the year 2050, unless current trends can be reversed. 6 There is a myopia epidemic in urban parts of East and Southeast Asia, with prevalence estimates reported to be as high as 96.5% in 19-year-old male conscripts in South Korea. [7][8][9] Myopia has also increased steadily in Western countries in recent decades, with the prevalence of myopia reported to have doubled in the United States and estimated to affect 50% of young persons in parts of Europe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regional variations and temporal trends of childhood myopia prevalence in Africa: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Kobia‐Acquah

Flitcroft

Akowuah

et al. 2022

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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Purpose To provide contemporary and future estimates of childhood myopia prevalence in Africa. Methods A systematic online literature search was conducted for articles on childhood (≤18 years) myopia (spherical equivalent [SE] ≤ −0.50D; high myopia: SE ≤ −6.00D) in Africa. Population‐ or school‐based cross‐sectional studies published from 1 Jan 2000 to 30 May 2021 were included. Meta‐analysis using Freeman–Tukey double arcsine transformation was performed to estimate the prevalence of childhood myopia and high myopia. Myopia prevalence from subgroup analyses for age groups and settings were used as baseline for generating a prediction model using linear regression. Results Forty‐two studies from 19 (of 54) African countries were included in the meta‐analysis (N = 737,859). Overall prevalence of childhood myopia and high myopia were 4.7% (95% CI: 3.3%–6.5%) and 0.6% (95% CI: 0.2%–1.1%), respectively. Estimated prevalence across the African regions was highest in the North (6.8% [95% CI: 4.0%–10.2%]), followed by Southern (6.3% [95% CI: 3.9%–9.1%]), East (4.7% [95% CI: 3.1%–6.7%]) and West (3.5% [95% CI: 1.9%–6.3%]) Africa. Prevalence from 2011 to 2021 was approximately double that from 2000 to 2010 for all studies combined, and between 1.5 and 2.5 times higher for ages 5–11 and 12–18 years, for boys and girls and for urban and rural settings, separately. Childhood myopia prevalence is projected to increase in urban settings and older children to 11.1% and 10.8% by 2030, 14.4% and 14.1% by 2040 and 17.7% and 17.4% by 2050, respectively; marginally higher than projected in the overall population (16.4% by 2050). Conclusions Childhood myopia prevalence has approximately doubled since 2010, with a further threefold increase predicted by 2050. Given this trajectory and the specific public health challenges in Africa, it is imperative to implement basic myopia prevention programmes, enhance spectacle coverage and ophthalmic services and generate more data to understand the changing myopia epidemiology to mitigate the expanding risk of the African population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regional variations and temporal trends of childhood myopia prevalence in Africa: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Kobia‐Acquah

Flitcroft

Akowuah

et al. 2022

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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“…Essas descobertas têm implicações significativas para a saúde ocular dos adolescentes e destacam a importância de promover hábitos saudáveis de uso de dispositivos móveis. Estratégias como limitar o tempo de tela, praticar pausas regulares durante o uso de smartphones e manter uma distância adequada de visualização podem ajudar a reduzir o risco de desenvolvimento de problemas de visão relacionados ao uso de dispositivos eletrônicos (Loughman et. al., 2021).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Efeitos do uso prolongado de dispositivos eletrônicos na saúde ocular de crianças e adolescentes: Uma revisão narrativa

Santos,

Pires,

Lima

et al. 2024

RSD

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O uso crescente de dispositivos eletrônicos, como smartphones e tablets, tem levantado preocupações sobre os efeitos na saúde ocular, especialmente entre crianças e adolescentes. Este artigo revisa criticamente a literatura atual sobre os impactos do uso prolongado de dispositivos eletrônicos na saúde ocular dessa faixa etária. Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura científica disponível sobre o tema, incluindo artigos de revistas especializadas, estudos clínicos, e revisões sistemáticas, dos últimos 10 anos. Descobertas revelam associações significativas entre o uso excessivo de dispositivos digitais e problemas como fadiga ocular, síndrome do olho seco e miopia. Estratégias preventivas, como limitar o tempo de tela e promover atividades ao ar livre, são recomendadas para mitigar esses efeitos adversos e promover uma visão saudável entre os jovens. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os potenciais efeitos adversos do uso prolongado de dispositivos eletrônicos na saúde ocular de crianças e adolescentes por meio de uma revisão narrativa da literatura.

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“…As of today, no existing method has demonstrated complete effectiveness in the treatment or prevention of myopia [ 4 – 6 ]. It is increasingly recognized that myopia is a multifactorial condition, the onset and progression of which are influenced by a multitude of factors including genetic predisposition, environmental influences, and various ocular biometric parameters [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Myopia and Pupil Diameter in Preschoolers: Evidence from a Machine Learning Approach Based on a Real-World Large-Scale Dataset

Xu,

Li,

Han

et al. 2024

Ophthalmol Ther

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Introduction Previous studies have explored the connections between various ocular biological parameters with myopia. Our previous study also found that pupil data can predict the myopic progression during the interventions for myopia. However, studies exploring the association between pupil diameter and myopia in preschoolers with myopia were lacking. Hence this study was aimed to investigate the association between pupil diameter and myopia in preschoolers with myopia based on a real-world, large-scale dataset. Methods Data containing 650,671 preschoolers were collected from a total of 1943 kindergartens in Shenzhen, China. Refraction and pupil parameters were collected. After data filtering, the occurrence of myopia and its association with age, gender, pupil diameter, and other variables, were analyzed. Random forest (RF) and eXtreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) were selected from seven machine learning algorithms to build the model. The mean decrease accuracy (MDA), mean decrease Gini (MDG), and gain feature importance (GFI) techniques were employed to quantify the importance of pupil diameter and other features. Results After the assessments, 51,325 valid records with complete pupil data were included, and 3468 (6.76%) were identified as myopia based on the calculated cycloplegic refraction. Preschoolers with myopia presented reduced pupil diameter and greater variation (5.00 ± 0.99 mm) compared to non-myopic preschoolers (6.22 ± 0.67 mm). A nonlinear relationship was found according to the scatterplots between pupil diameter and refraction ( R 2 = 0.14). Especially preschoolers with myopia had reduced pupil diameter compared to emmetropic preschoolers, but hyperope did not experience additional pupil enlargement. After adjusting for other covariates, this relationship is still consistent ( P < 0.001). XGBoost and RF algorithms presented the highest performance and validated the importance of pupil diameter in myopia. Conclusions Based on a real-world large-scale dataset, the current study illuminated that preschoolers with myopia had a reduced pupil diameter compared to emmetropic preschoolers with a nonlinear pattern. Machine learning algorithms visualized and validated the pivotal role of pupil diameter in myopia. Trial Registration chictr.org Identifier: ChiCTR2200057391. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40123-024-00972-5.

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Are digital devices a new risk factor for myopia?

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Regional variations and temporal trends of childhood myopia prevalence in Africa: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Regional variations and temporal trends of childhood myopia prevalence in Africa: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Efeitos do uso prolongado de dispositivos eletrônicos na saúde ocular de crianças e adolescentes: Uma revisão narrativa

Association Between Myopia and Pupil Diameter in Preschoolers: Evidence from a Machine Learning Approach Based on a Real-World Large-Scale Dataset

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