Are dietary recommendations for the use of fish oils sustainable?

Jenkins, David; Sievenpiper, John L.; Pauly, Daniel; Sumaila, U. Rashid; Kendall, Cyril W.C.; Mowat, Farley

doi:10.1503/cmaj.081274

Cited by 101 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Although farm-raised fi sh provide an alternative source of C 20-22 3 PUFA, levels of these fatty acids in farm-raised fi sh are not as high as in wild-caught fi sh ( 209,210 ). Efforts to increase C 20-22 3 PUFA in farm-raised Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar L .)…”

Section: Pufa From Farm-raised and Wild-caught Fi Shmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and cardiovascular disease

Jump

Depner

Tripathy

2012

Journal of Lipid Research

192

118

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Section: Pufa From Farm-raised and Wild-caught Fi Shmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and cardiovascular disease

Jump

Depner

Tripathy

2012

Journal of Lipid Research

192

118

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“…This increasing demand for PUFA supplements is complicated by the fact that even the current demand cannot be sustainably met by fish-derived PUFAs (Jenkins et al 2009). Together with concerns about possible socio-economic effects, such as the inability of local populations to continue to use fish as a food staple (Alder and Watson 2007) and environmental contaminants in fish-derived oils (Hites et al 2004) there is a strong demand for non-fish-derived PUFA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth condition optimization for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) production by Moritella marina MP-1

Kautharapu

Rathmacher

Jarboe

2012

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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The marine organism Moritella marina MP-1 produces the polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). While the basic metabolic pathway for DHA production in this organism has been identified, the impact of growth conditions on DHA production is largely unknown. This study examines the effect of supplemental carbon, nitrogen and salts, growth temperature and media composition and pH on DHA and biomass production and the fatty acid profile. The addition of supplemental nitrogen significantly increased the overall DHA titer via an increase in biomass production. Supplemental glucose or glycerol increased biomass production, but decreased the amount of DHA per biomass, resulting in no net change in the DHA titer. Acidification of the baseline media pH to 6.0 increased DHA per biomass. Changes in growth temperature or provision of supplemental sodium or magnesium chloride did not increase DHA titer. This organism was also shown to grow on defined minimal media. For both media types, glycerol enabled more DHA production per biomass than glucose. Combination of these growth findings into marine broth supplemented with glycerol, yeast extract, and tryptone at pH 6.0 resulted in a final titer of 82 Â± 5 mg/L, a nearly eightfold increase relative to the titer of 11 Â± 1 mg/L seen in the unsupplemented marine broth. The relative distribution of other fatty acids was relatively robust to growth condition, but the presence of glycerol resulted in a significant increase in myristic acid (C14:0) and decrease in palmitic acid (C16:0). In summary, DHA production by M. marina MP-1 can be increased more than fivefold by changing the growth media. Metabolic engineering of this organism to increase the amount of DHA produced per biomass could result in additional increases in titer. ABSTRACTThe marine organism Moritella marina MP-1 produces the polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). While the basic metabolic pathway for DHA production in this organism has been identified, the impact of growth conditions on DHA production is largely unknown. This study examines the effect of supplemental carbon, nitrogen and salts, growth temperature and media composition and pH on DHA and biomass production and the fatty acid profile. The addition of supplemental nitrogen significantly increased the overall DHA titer via an increase in biomass production. Supplemental glucose or glycerol increased biomass production, but decreased the amount of DHA per biomass, resulting in no net change in the DHA titer.Acidification of the baseline media pH to 6.0 increased DHA per biomass. Changes in growth temperature or provision of supplemental sodium or magnesium chloride did not increase DHA titer. This organism was also shown to grow on defined minimal media. For both media types, glycerol enabled more DHA production per biomass than glucose. Combination of these growth findings into marine broth supplemented with glycerol, yeast extract and tryptone at pH 6.0 resulted in a final titer of 82+5 mg/L, a nearly 8-fold increase...

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“…term sustainability of this approach [15]. Given the competition that exists between n-6 and 80 n-3, it has been suggested that lowering the LA content of the diet has the potential to both 81 limit the production of n-6 derived pro-inflammatory mediators and enhance the biological 82 efficacy of n-3 LCPUFA consumed in the diet.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A low omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-6 PUFA) diet increases omega-3 (n-3) long chain PUFA status in plasma phospholipids in humans

Wood

Lau

Mantzioris

et al. 2014

Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids

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A low omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-6 PUFA) diet increases omega-3 (n-3) long chain PUFA status in plasma phospholipids in humans Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, 2014; 90(4) Please note: Cell Press, The Lancet, and some society-owned titles have different preprint policies. Information on these is available on the journal homepage.  Preprints should not be added to or enhanced in any way in order to appear more like, or to substitute for, the final versions of articles. August 20151 A low omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-6 PUFA) diet increases omega-3 (n-3) long unchanged. LA and total n-6 PUFA content of plasma and erythrocyte phospholipids were 39 significantly reduced after the low LA diet phase (P<0.001). The n-3 LCPUFA content was 40 significantly increased in plasma phospholipids after the low LA diet compared to baseline 41 (6.22% vs 5.53%, P<0.001). These data demonstrate that reducing LA intake for 4 weeks 42 increases n-3 LCPUFA status in humans in the absence of increased n-3 LCPUFA intake.

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Are dietary recommendations for the use of fish oils sustainable?

Cited by 101 publications

References 73 publications

Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and cardiovascular disease

Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and cardiovascular disease

Growth condition optimization for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) production by Moritella marina MP-1

A low omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-6 PUFA) diet increases omega-3 (n-3) long chain PUFA status in plasma phospholipids in humans

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