“…Literature data obtained by conventional manometry showed that patients with both CDE and IA have a deficit of relaxation and basal pressures ranging from hypotonic to hypertonic, with predominant hypertonic forms . Comparing CDE and IA, Stupnik et al . could not find a difference in LES basal pressure between the diseases, in contradiction to Dantas, who noted a lower basal pressure in CDE patients compared with IA individuals similar to our results.…”
The comparison between idiopathic achalasia (IA) and Chagas' disease esophagopathy (CDE) may evaluate if treatment options and their outcomes can be accepted universally. This study aims to compare IA and CDE at the light of high-resolution manometry. We studied 86 patients with achalasia: 45 patients with CDE (54% females, mean age 55 years) and 41 patients with IA (58% females, mean age 49 years). All patients underwent high-resolution manometry. Upper esophageal sphincter parameters were similar (basal pressure CDE = 72 ± 45 mmHg, IA = 82 ± 57 mmHg; residual pressure CDE = 9.9 ± 9.9 mmHg, IA = 9.8 ± 7.5 mmHg). In the body of the esophagus, the amplitude was higher in the IA group than the CDE group at 3 cm (CDE = 15 ± 14 mm Hg, IA = 42 ± 52 mmHg, P = 0.003) and 7 cm (CDE = 16 ± 15 mmHg, IA = 36 ± 57 mmHg, P = 0.04) above the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). The LES basal pressure (CDE = 17 ± 16 mmHg, IA = 40 ± 22 mmHg, P < 0.001) and residual pressure (CDE = 12 ± 11 mmHg, IA = 27 ± 13 mmHg, P < 0.001) were also higher in the IA group. Our results show that: (i) there is no difference in regards to the upper esophageal sphincter; (ii) higher pressures of the esophageal body are noticed in patients with IA; and (iii) basal and residual pressures of the LES are lower in patients with CDE. Our results did not show expressive manometric differences between IA and CDE. Some differences may be attributed to a more pronounced esophageal dilatation in patients with CDE.
“…Literature data obtained by conventional manometry showed that patients with both CDE and IA have a deficit of relaxation and basal pressures ranging from hypotonic to hypertonic, with predominant hypertonic forms . Comparing CDE and IA, Stupnik et al . could not find a difference in LES basal pressure between the diseases, in contradiction to Dantas, who noted a lower basal pressure in CDE patients compared with IA individuals similar to our results.…”
The comparison between idiopathic achalasia (IA) and Chagas' disease esophagopathy (CDE) may evaluate if treatment options and their outcomes can be accepted universally. This study aims to compare IA and CDE at the light of high-resolution manometry. We studied 86 patients with achalasia: 45 patients with CDE (54% females, mean age 55 years) and 41 patients with IA (58% females, mean age 49 years). All patients underwent high-resolution manometry. Upper esophageal sphincter parameters were similar (basal pressure CDE = 72 ± 45 mmHg, IA = 82 ± 57 mmHg; residual pressure CDE = 9.9 ± 9.9 mmHg, IA = 9.8 ± 7.5 mmHg). In the body of the esophagus, the amplitude was higher in the IA group than the CDE group at 3 cm (CDE = 15 ± 14 mm Hg, IA = 42 ± 52 mmHg, P = 0.003) and 7 cm (CDE = 16 ± 15 mmHg, IA = 36 ± 57 mmHg, P = 0.04) above the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). The LES basal pressure (CDE = 17 ± 16 mmHg, IA = 40 ± 22 mmHg, P < 0.001) and residual pressure (CDE = 12 ± 11 mmHg, IA = 27 ± 13 mmHg, P < 0.001) were also higher in the IA group. Our results show that: (i) there is no difference in regards to the upper esophageal sphincter; (ii) higher pressures of the esophageal body are noticed in patients with IA; and (iii) basal and residual pressures of the LES are lower in patients with CDE. Our results did not show expressive manometric differences between IA and CDE. Some differences may be attributed to a more pronounced esophageal dilatation in patients with CDE.
“…8 Several Brazilian reports indicate that idiopathic achalasia and achalasia related to Chagas disease differ. 9,10 Although we did not observe such differences a recently published report from Argentina found that patients with Chagas disease have acetylcholine M2 receptor circulating antibodies, [11][12][13][14] which could be involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease. 15 Achalasia is a rare condition, with an annual worldwide incidence of 0.03-1.1 cases/100 000 individuals according to a recent review.…”
We review the treatment of esophageal achalasia by means of pneumatic dilatation (PD), analyzing its results and comparing them with those of the literature. We conclude that our personal experience is similar to that of the literature: PD and surgery produce similar results (67-95%), morbidity (2-9.5%), and mortality (0.7-1%); and PD is cheaper than surgery. According to these conclusions, we believe that the decision of the appropriate treatment should be based on a combination of the choice of the properly informed patient and the operator's experience. However, we also conclude that surgery is mandatory in selected cases, such as achalasia associated with hiatus hernia, esophageal diverticula and neoplasia, history of previous PD failure (since in our experience the results after a second PD are very poor), postoperative relapse, and patients with grade IV mega-esophagus according to Resano-Malenchini's classification.
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