Are cellulose ethers safe for the conservation of artwork? New insights in their VOC activity by means of Oddy testing

Steger, Simon; Eggert, Gerhard; Horn, Wolfgang; Krekel, Christoph

doi:10.1186/s40494-022-00688-4

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This test is used to detect potentially hazardous gases (Keable 2018, 2-12) emitted in elevated humidity and temperature (Heine 2018, 362-365). In the Oddy test, the products are ranked as follows; safe for permanent use "P, no corrosion", only for temporary use "T, slight corrosion", and unsuitable for any use at all "F, heavy corrosion" (Steger 2022). Silver is used to detect sulphur and ammonia compounds, lead to detect organic acids, aldehydes, and acidic gases, and copper to detect chlorides and oxides (Wang 2011, 138-153).…”

Section: Oddy Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study to Assess Alternative Supports for Extensively Deteriorated Wooden Icons

Ali

Hadidi²,

Moussa³

et al. 2023

Shedet

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Experimental and analytical studies were carried out on five different types of alternative supports from processed wood; plywood, pine block board, oak block board, medium density fibre (MDF) and chipboard. Color changes and emitted gases were measured by Kitagawa gas test tubes, Oddy test and Raman spectroscopy. Results proved that slight amounts of formaldehyde, ammonia and acetic acid were emitted from block board samples. Oak block board emitted higher amounts of formaldehyde compared to pine block board, but the emission of ammonia and acetic acid was relatively similar in both types of block board. A higher quantity of acetic acid and ammonia, and a small amount of formaldehyde were emitted from plywood. There was an increase in formaldehyde, ammonia and acetic acid gas emission in MDF and chipboard. FTIR analysis of wood components and color change measurements were conducted for further evaluation. In plywood a high decrease of lignin was noted, causing the wood to lighten in color. The rise of formaldehyde in oak block board, MDF and chipboard led to decrease in carbohydrates, causing darkening of wood color. Chemical composition and color change measurements were stable in the pine block board, proving it to be the most suitable alternative support.

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Section: Oddy Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study to Assess Alternative Supports for Extensively Deteriorated Wooden Icons

Ali

Hadidi²,

Moussa³

et al. 2023

Shedet

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“…It is considered the most widely material used in current practice in paper conservation. MC is soluble in cold water, but not in hot [53][54][55]. It is used in solutions of 1, 2, and 3% for consolidating; it is preferable to dilute it with alcohol to improve penetration and enhances drying time.…”

Section: Methylcellulose (Mc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydroxy propyl cellulose: Hydroxy propyl cellulose (HPC) is a non-ionic cellulose ether (Fig. 5), the trade name is (Klucel G) It is used as consolidation and adhesive for paper, bookbindings, pigments, and inks [53,58].…”

Section: Methylcellulose (Mc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biopolymer applications for different treatments of the historical paper manuscripts and leather bindings: A Review

Abdel-Maksoud,

Nasr,

kassem

2023

Egypt. J. Chem.

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Biopolymers materials exhibit outstanding potential in various conservation applications of historical paper manuscripts and bookbinding due to their flexible functionalization and various characteristics. This study aims to make an integrated study for the different application purposes of natural and synthetic biopolymers that can be used in the conservation of historical paper manuscripts and leather bindings. This study discussed the different sources of biopolymers such as plants, animals, and microorganism sources. The different applications of biopolymers such as consolidation, adhesive, retanning, cleaning, gap filling, and lubrication, antifungal were explained. The chemical composition, advantages, disadvantages, and application techniques of biopolymers were also discussed. This study showed that there are many biopolymers used in the field of treatment of paper manuscripts and leather binding. Still, the most common was polysaccharides-based materials, which were used in the bio-consolidation of paper, and this was due to the compatibility in their characteristics with paper. Essential plant oils (tea tree, lavender, and thyme oils) and Chitosan are the most common biopolymers used as antimicrobials. Japanese papers and bacterial cellulose are the most appropriate materials for consolidation and completion of the missing and fragile parts of the papers and leathers. Polyurethanes, a synthetic biomaterial, were used as a coating to protect the leather from gas pollution. Beeswax protects the leather from pollution such as sulfur dioxide. This study is considered a guide for all conservators working on paper manuscripts and leather binding.

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“…Some different materials have been previously used in the consolidation process of historical paper manuscripts. Cellulose derivatives such as sodium chloride of carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC), methylcellulose (MC) 28 and hydroxy propyl cellulose (HPC) 29 , 30 are yet the most common consolidants for paper manuscripts 2 . Additionally, several natural materials such as Funori have been used to consolidate paper manuscripts 31 , 32 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential effects of nano-cellulose and nano-silica/polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposites in the strengthening of dyed paper manuscripts with madder: an experimental study

Abdel-Hamied

Hassan

Salem

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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In the present work, the composite cross-linked were used to consolidate the dyed paper manuscripts. Nanocomposites of mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MPSNP)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and cellulose nanofiber (CNF)/PVA, which have never been used before, have been evaluated for the consolidation process of the dyed paper manuscripts with madder extract. Three concentrations 1%, 3%, and 5% have been prepared. Analysis and investigation methods like scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), dynamic light scattering analysis (DLS), X-Ray diffraction Analysis (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and total color difference (ΔE) by spectrophotometer have been used in order to characterize the prepared nano-sized composites and evaluate the treated dyed paper samples before and after the aging process. The results of surface morphology by SEM revealed the effectiveness of MPSNP/PVA core–shell nanocomposite at 5% in the consolidation process, where the improvement of properties of the aged dyed paper samples. The fibers of the treated paper became strong and appeared clearly. The result of ΔE measurements showed that the treated sample with MPSNP/PVA nanocomposite at 5% gave the lowest ΔE (5.22), while, the treated sample with CNF/PVA nanocomposite at 5% gave the highest ΔE value (11.66). Mechanical measurements (tensile strength and elongation) revealed the efficiency of MPSNP/PVA nanocomposite at 5% in the treatment of the aged dyed paper samples. The treated sample with the mentioned material gave tensile strength and elongation values of 84.8 N/nm2 and 1.736%, respectively. In contrast, the treated sample with CNF/PVA nanocomposite at 1% gave the lowest tensile strength and elongation values 38.2 N/nm2, and 1.166%, respectively. FTIR analysis revealed an increase was noticed in the CH2 stretching band (refers to the crystallinity of cellulose), where the intensity of the treated sample with MPSNP/PVA nanocomposite was at a 5% increase compared to the control sample. The FTIR results supported the results of mechanical measurements. The intensity of the CH2 stretching band, which refers to the crystallinity index of cellulose, was increased with the use of MPSNP/PVA nanocomposite at 3% and 5%, which explains the improvement in mechanical properties. This may be due to the nano-mineral particles, which improve the mechanical properties. Additionally, they reduce the effect of accelerated thermal aging on the cellulosic fibers and give them stability. The detailed analysis of analytical methods used for evaluation revealed the novelty of MPSNP/PVA nanocomposite, especially at 5%. It has a potential role in strengthening and improving different properties of the dyed paper manuscripts with madder extract.

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Are cellulose ethers safe for the conservation of artwork? New insights in their VOC activity by means of Oddy testing

Cited by 5 publications

References 40 publications

Experimental Study to Assess Alternative Supports for Extensively Deteriorated Wooden Icons

Experimental Study to Assess Alternative Supports for Extensively Deteriorated Wooden Icons

Biopolymer applications for different treatments of the historical paper manuscripts and leather bindings: A Review

Potential effects of nano-cellulose and nano-silica/polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposites in the strengthening of dyed paper manuscripts with madder: an experimental study

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