Are Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Stress Greater in Isometric or in Dynamic Resistance Exercise?

Kounoupis, Anastasios; Papadopoulos, Stavros; Galanis, Nikiforos; Δίπλα, Κωνσταντίνα; Zafeiridis, Andreas

doi:10.3390/sports8040041

Cited by 11 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…In contrast, previous studies had evaluated isometric one-handed handgrip exercise protocols with a broad range of exercise duration, handgrip application and devices hampering a general comparability [19,[22][23][24]. However, several comparative studies investigated the differences between dynamic and isometric (static) handgrip exercise [25][26][27][28]. Although most authors found no signi cant differences in hemodynamic response, Stebbins et al observed a signi cantly higher increase of heart rate, blood pressure and cardiac output with increasing handgrip strengths compared to isometric handgrip protocols.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Handgrip Exercise: Feasibility and Physiologic Stress Response of a Needle-Free Cmr Stress Test

Ochs

Salatzki

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Purpose: CMR pharmacological stress-testing is well-established to detect myocardial ischemia. Despite stressor and contrast agents appear rather save, contraindications and side effects have to be considered. Substantial costs are further limiting its applicability. Dynamic handgrip exercise(DHE) may have the potential to address these shortcomings as a physiological stressor. We therefore evaluated the feasibility and physiologic stress response of DHE in relation to pharmacological dobutamine-stimulation by cardiac magnetic resonance(CMR).Methods: Two subgroups were prospectively enrolled: (i)volunteers without relevant disease and (ii)patients with known CAD referred for stress-testing. A both-handed, metronome-guided DHE was performed over 2 minutes continuously with 80 contractions/minute by all participants, whereas dobutamine stress-testing was only performed in group(ii). Short axis strain by fast-Strain-ENCoded imaging was acquired at rest, immediately after DHE and during dobutamine infusion. Results: Eighty middle-aged individuals(age 56±17years, 48males) were enrolled. DHE triggered significant positive chronotropic(HRrest:68±10bpm, HRDHE:91±13bpm, p<0.001) and inotropic stress response(GLSrest:-19.4±1.9%, GLSDHE:-20.6±2.1%, p<0.001). Exercise-induced increase of longitudinal strain was present in healthy volunteers and CAD patients to the same extent, but in general pronounced from basal to apical layers(p<0.01). DHE was aborted by a minor portion(7%) due to peripheral fatigue. The inotropic effect of DHE appears to be non-inferior to intermediate dobutamine-stimulation(GLSDHE=-19.5±2.3%, GLSDob=-19.1±3.1%, p=n.s.), whereas its chronotropic effect was superior (HRDHE=89±14bpm, HRDOB=78±15bpm, p<0.001). Conclusions: DHE causes positive ino- and chronotropic effects superior to intermediate dobutamine-stimulation, suggesting a relevant increase of myocardial oxygen demand. DHE appears safe and timesaving with broad applicability. The data encourages further studies to determine its potential to detect obstructive CAD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Handgrip Exercise: Feasibility and Physiologic Stress Response of a Needle-Free Cmr Stress Test

Ochs

Salatzki

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In contrast, previous studies had evaluated isometric one-handed handgrip exercise protocols with a broad range of exercise duration, handgrip application, and devices hampering a general comparability (19,(23)(24)(25). However, several comparative studies investigated the differences between dynamic and isometric (static) handgrip exercise (26)(27)(28)(29). Although most authors found no significant differences in hemodynamic response, Stebbins et al observed a significantly higher increase of heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac output with increasing handgrip strengths compared with isometric handgrip protocols.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Handgrip Exercise: Feasibility and Physiologic Stress Response of a Potential Needle-Free Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Stress Test

Ochs

Salatzki

et al. 2021

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Background: Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) pharmacological stress-testing is a well-established technique for detecting myocardial ischemia. Although stressors and contrast agents seem relatively safe, contraindications and side effects must be considered. Substantial costs are further limiting its applicability. Dynamic handgrip exercise (DHE) may have the potential to address these shortcomings as a physiological stressor. We therefore evaluated the feasibility and physiologic stress response of DHE in relation to pharmacological dobutamine-stimulation within the context of CMR examinations.Methods: Two groups were prospectively enrolled: (I) volunteers without relevant disease and (II) patients with known CAD referred for stress-testing. A both-handed, metronome-guided DHE was performed over 2 min continuously with 80 contractions/minute by all participants, whereas dobutamine stress-testing was only performed in group (II). Short axis strain by fast-Strain-ENCoded imaging was acquired at rest, immediately after DHE and during dobutamine infusion.Results: Eighty middle-aged individuals (age 56 ± 17 years, 48 men) were enrolled. DHE triggered significant positive chronotropic (HRrest: 68 ± 10 bpm, HRDHE: 91 ± 13 bpm, p < 0.001) and inotropic stress response (GLSrest: −19.4 ± 1.9%, GLSDHE: −20.6 ± 2.1%, p < 0.001). Exercise-induced increase of longitudinal strain was present in healthy volunteers and patients with CAD to the same extent, but in general more pronounced in the midventricular and apical layers (p < 0.01). DHE was aborted by a minor portion (7%) due to peripheral fatigue. The inotropic effect of DHE appears to be non-inferior to intermediate dobutamine-stimulation (GLSDHE= −19.5 ± 2.3%, GLSDob= −19.1 ± 3.1%, p = n.s.), whereas its chronotropic effect was superior (HRDHE= 89 ± 14 bpm, HRDob= 78 ± 15 bpm, p < 0.001).Conclusions: DHE causes positive ino- and chronotropic effects superior to intermediate dobutamine-stimulation, suggesting a relevant increase of myocardial oxygen demand. DHE appears to be safe and timesaving with broad applicability. The data encourages further studies to determine its potential to detect obstructive CAD.

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“…Due to concerns regarding adverse events caused by excessive cardiovascular stress, e.g., blood pressure (BP), the application of IEs and PEs has been constrained despite the strengths and benefits [ 2 , 6 ]. Over 330 million people were diagnosed with CVDs in China, and over 245 million were hypertensive [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only small-muscle (handgrip), short-duration (2 min per set), and intermittent IEs were recommended in the hypertensive population [ 4 ]. IEs in larger muscles and with longer durations were considered to exhibit a more pronounced increase in cardiovascular and metabolic stress [ 6 ], which may be another cause of the limited application of large-muscle IEs or the lack of studies in which IEs were continuously performed to exhaustion. As the repetition maximum in isotonic exercise, the maximum duration of IE is essential to evaluate the relative intensity and exercise volume for prescribing effective and individualized training programs [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolic and cardiovascular responses to continuous and intermittent plank exercises

Huang

Wang

Song

et al. 2023

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil

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Background Plank exercise (PE) is a whole-body isometric muscle training which is beneficial for physical health. However, none of the previous studies investigated the responses within a typical isometric muscle training or PE protocol consisting of multiple sets. The application of PE was restricted for the understudied metabolic and cardiovascular responses, especially for the patients with cardiovascular diseases. This study is to alleviate the safety concerns of PE by investigating the PE-induced metabolic and cardiovascular responses. Methods Eleven male recreational-level college students completed a baseline cardiopulmonary exercise test, continuous PE (CPE) and intermittent PE (IPE). Ratio of maximal oxygen uptake per kilogram of body mass (%VO2max/kg), ratio of maximal heart rate (%HRmax), and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were continuously measured during PEs and divided into seven equal timepoints. Blood pressure (BP) was measured every minute during, before, and after PEs. A mixed-model repeated measures ANOVA was used to examine the interaction effect of exercise × phase. Results The %VO2max/kg (F6,69=11.25, P < 0.001), %HRmax (F6,65=7.74, P < 0.001), RER (F6,69=11.56, P < 0.001), and BP (systolic BP, F2,26=8.42, P = 0.002; diastolic BP, F2,24=22.63, P < 0.001) increased by safe magnitudes. Compared with the corresponding period in the IPE group, the %VO2max/kg (33.5 [2.2] vs. 27.7 [1.9], P = 0.043) and %HRmax (63.2 [3.9] vs. 53.3 [2.1], P = 0.019) increased more significantly from the 40% duration of CPE. Systolic BP increased by larger magnitudes during CPE than IPE (154.2 [3.8] vs. 142.3 [4.8] mmHg, P = 0.002). RERs were over 1 during PEs without cardiovascular and metabolic variables over the anaerobic threshold. Conclusion Energy was mainly supplied by anaerobic metabolism during PEs. CPE may be preferable for trainees aiming at anaerobic capacity enhancement. IPEs may be preferable to CPEs for youth patients with mild and borderline cardiovascular diseases due to their lower metabolic and cardiovascular responses.

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Are Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Stress Greater in Isometric or in Dynamic Resistance Exercise?

Cited by 11 publications

References 74 publications

Dynamic Handgrip Exercise: Feasibility and Physiologic Stress Response of a Needle-Free Cmr Stress Test

Dynamic Handgrip Exercise: Feasibility and Physiologic Stress Response of a Needle-Free Cmr Stress Test

Dynamic Handgrip Exercise: Feasibility and Physiologic Stress Response of a Potential Needle-Free Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Stress Test

Metabolic and cardiovascular responses to continuous and intermittent plank exercises

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