Are Baseline Levels of Gas6 and Soluble Mer Predictors of Mortality and Organ Damage in Patients with Sepsis? The Need-Speed Trial Database

Gavelli, Francesco; Molinari, Luca; Baldrighi, M; Salmi, Livia; Mearelli, Filippo; Fiotti, Nicola; Patrucco, Filippo; Airoldi, Chiara; Bellan, Mattia; Sainaghi, Pier Paolo; Somma, Salvatore Di; Lupia, Enrico; Colonetti, Efrem; Muiesan, María Lorenza; Biolo, Gianni; Avanzi, Gian Carlo; Castello, Luigi Mario

doi:10.3390/biomedicines10020198

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The Gas6/TAM system has gained attention in the last few years given its involvement in several human pathologies [ 18 , 74 , 75 , 172 , 187 , 188 , 189 ]. Some authors have recently highlighted the role of the Gas6/TAM system as potentially relevant also in COVID-19 pathogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review: The Potential Involvement of Growth Arrest-Specific 6 and Its Receptors in the Pathogenesis of Lung Damage and in Coronavirus Disease 2019

Apostolo,

Ferreira,

Di Tizio

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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The tyrosine kinase receptors of the TAM family—Tyro3, Axl and Mer—and their main ligand Gas6 (growth arrest-specific 6) have been implicated in several human diseases, having a particularly important role in the regulation of innate immunity and inflammatory response. The Gas6/TAM system is involved in the recognition of apoptotic debris by immune cells and this mechanism has been exploited by viruses for cell entry and infection. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a multi-systemic disease, but the lungs are particularly affected during the acute phase and some patients may suffer persistent lung damage. Among the manifestations of the disease, fibrotic abnormalities have been observed among the survivors of COVID-19. The mechanisms of COVID-related fibrosis remain elusive, even though some parallels may be drawn with other fibrotic diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Due to the still limited number of scientific studies addressing this question, in this review we aimed to integrate the current knowledge of the Gas6/TAM axis with the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying COVID-19, with emphasis on the development of a fibrotic phenotype.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review: The Potential Involvement of Growth Arrest-Specific 6 and Its Receptors in the Pathogenesis of Lung Damage and in Coronavirus Disease 2019

Apostolo,

Ferreira,

Di Tizio

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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“…Gas6/TAM signaling is a highly pleiotropic system involved in cell survival, growth, aggregation and migration, angiogenesis, and in the control of inflammatory responses [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Moreover, the system is engaged in chronic immunological diseases, with its overactivation linked to several neoplastic conditions [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]. More recently, the TAM system has been proposed as involved in COVID-19.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased Gas6 and sAxl Plasma Levels Are Associated with Hair Loss in COVID-19 Survivors

Apostolo

D’Onghia

Tonello

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Post-acute conditions after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are quite common, although the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms leading to these conditions are not yet completely understood. In this prospective observational study, we aimed to test the hypothesis that Growth Arrest-Specific 6 (Gas6) and its soluble receptors, Axl (sAxl) and MerTK (sMer), might be implicated. A total of 263 subjects underwent a structured clinical evaluation one year after their hospital discharge for COVID-19, and they consented to donate a blood sample to measure their circulating Gas6, sAxl, and sMer levels. A total of 98 (37.3%) post-COVID-19 subjects complained of at least one residual physical symptom one year after their hospital discharge. Univariate analysis revealed that sAxl was marginally associated with residual symptoms, but at the level of logistic regression analysis, only the diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) (OR 0.98, CI 95%: 0.96–0.99; p = 0.007) and the female sex (OR 2.49, CI 95%: 1.45–4.28; p = 0.001) were independently associated with long-lasting symptoms. A total of 69 (26.2%) subjects had hair loss. At the level of univariate analysis, Gas6, sAxl, DLCO, and the female gender were associated with its development. In a logistic regression analysis model, Gas6 (OR 0.96, CI 95%: 0.92–0.99; p = 0.015) and sAxl (OR 0.98, CI 95%; 0.97–1.0; p = 0.014), along with the female sex (OR 6.58, CI 95%: 3.39–12.78; p = 0.0001), were independent predictors of hair loss. Decreased levels of Gas6 and sAxl were associated with a history of hair loss following COVID-19. This was resolved spontaneously in most patients, although 23.7% complained of persistent hair loss one year after hospital discharge.

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The role of bronchoalveolar lavage in diagnosis and prognosis of COVID-19 patients

Patrucco¹,

Gavelli²,

SAINAGHI³

et al. 2022

Minerva Respir Med

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Are Baseline Levels of Gas6 and Soluble Mer Predictors of Mortality and Organ Damage in Patients with Sepsis? The Need-Speed Trial Database

Cited by 3 publications

References 53 publications

A Review: The Potential Involvement of Growth Arrest-Specific 6 and Its Receptors in the Pathogenesis of Lung Damage and in Coronavirus Disease 2019

A Review: The Potential Involvement of Growth Arrest-Specific 6 and Its Receptors in the Pathogenesis of Lung Damage and in Coronavirus Disease 2019

Decreased Gas6 and sAxl Plasma Levels Are Associated with Hair Loss in COVID-19 Survivors

The role of bronchoalveolar lavage in diagnosis and prognosis of COVID-19 patients

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