Are amblyopic man and ape related?

Deller, M

doi:10.1016/0166-2236(79)90085-7

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Behaviorally, monocular lid closure during early postnatal development produces a permanent loss of vision (amblyopia) in the deprived eye if the lid closure extends past a critical period in early development (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). It has been argued that binocular competitive interactions produce changes in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) where cells innervated by the deprived eye are smaller than their nondeprived counterparts in the binocular segment-i.e., that part of the nucleus innervated by both eyes (6,(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of monocular deprivation on the lateral geniculate nucleus in a primate.

Sesma¹,

Irvin²,

Kuyk³

et al. 1984

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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In many mammalian species, rearing with one eyelid closed produces a loss of vision in the deprived eye and a change in cell size in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). In cats, the reduction in the size of deprived LGN cells has been correlated with a loss of one functional class of cells, Y cells. In primates, such as galago, LGN cells also exhibit marked changes in size with deprivation. In the present study we recorded from single cells in the LGN of monocularly deprived galagos to determine if such changes in cell size would be accompanied by changes in physiological properties. The results revealed no alterations in the distribution or functional properties of any cell class. The differences in the effect of monocular deprivation on the function of LGN cells in cats and primates are most easily explained by a fundamental difference in visual system anatomy. In cats, different classes of retinal afferents (X vs. Y) are in a position to compete for postsynaptic LGN neurons: in primates, segregation of cell classes into different layers may preclude such developmental interactions.Rearing infant mammals with one eyelid closed has proved a useful paradigm for studying the interaction of experience and genetically determined organization on the morphology and function of the developing visual system. Such an abnormal visual environment produces a number of anatomical, physiological, and behavioral changes that appear to result, in part, from an imbalance in the competition between afferents from the two eyes during development (for reviews, see refs. 1-3).Behaviorally, monocular lid closure during early postnatal development produces a permanent loss of vision (amblyopia) in the deprived eye if the lid closure extends past a critical period in early development (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). It has been argued that binocular competitive interactions produce changes in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) where cells innervated by the deprived eye are smaller than their nondeprived counterparts in the binocular segment-i.e., that part of the nucleus innervated by both eyes (6,(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24). At the cortical level, the terminal arbors of these deprived LGN cells occupy less space in cortex (20,21,(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30).At present, it is unclear how LGN cell size changes produced by monocular deprivation relate to the functional changes found in LGN cells. (32,33) and are the most affected physiologically by monocular deprivation (22,32,(34)(35)(36). On the other hand, other forms of deprivation in cats, such as binocular lid closure or dark-rearing, also produce a functional loss of Y cells without producing dramatic changes in LGN cell size (33,(37)(38)(39)(40).In the present study, we were interested in determining in a primate whether the LGN cell size changes produced by monocular deprivation are correlated in any logical way with changes in the physiological properties of cells. In the primate LGN, cells are segregated into different laminae according to size [...

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