Are alexithymia and schizoid personality disorder synonymous diagnoses?

Coolidge, Frederick L.; Estey, Alisa J.; Segal, Daniel L.; Marle, Peter D.

doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2012.07.005

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…There are numerous studies which separately connect alexithymia or EMSs to health related disorders, such as personality disorders (Coolidge, Estey & Segal, 2013;Nordahl, Holthe & Haugum, 2005), eating disorders (Berthoz, Perdereau, Godart, Corcos & Haviland, 2007;Unoka et al, 2010), substance abuse (Coriale, Bilotta, Leone et al, 2012;Shorey et al, 2013), posttraumatic stress disorder (Cockram et al, 2010;Declercq, Vanheule & Deheegher, 2010), and depression (Halvorsen, Wang, Richter et al, 2009;Honkalampi, Hintikka, Tanskanen, Lehtonen & Viinam€ aki, 2000). EMSs have been proposed to be associated with psychosomatic symptoms (Young et al, 2003), as well as alexithymia (Taylor, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alexithymia and Early Maladaptive Schemas in chronic pain patients

Saariaho¹,

Saariaho

Mattila

et al. 2015

Scandinavian J Psychology

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Psychological factors have an impact on subjective pain experience. The aim of this study was to explore the occurrence of alexithymia and Early Maladaptive Schemas in a sample of 271 first visit chronic pain patients of six pain clinics. The patients completed the study questionnaire consisting of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20, the Finnish version of the Young Schema Questionnaire short form-extended, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, and pain variables. Alexithymic patients scored higher on Early Maladaptive Schemas and had more pain intensity, pain disability and depression than nonalexithymic patients. Both alexithymia and depression correlated significantly with most Early Maladaptive Schemas. The co-occurrence of alexithymia, Early Maladaptive Schemas and depression seems to worsen the pain experience. Screening of alexithymia, depression and Early Maladaptive Schemas may help to plan psychological treatment interventions for chronic pain patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alexithymia and Early Maladaptive Schemas in chronic pain patients

Saariaho¹,

Saariaho

Mattila

et al. 2015

Scandinavian J Psychology

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“…Cluster A criteria and the Cluster A criteria Â GSI interaction had no significant effect on any TAS indices. Since Coolidge et al (2013) reported an association between alexithymia and paranoid and schizoid PD traits, we conducted separate analyses for schizoid, schizotypal and paranoid criteria, but none of them predicted any TAS factor at any GSI level. Thus, Cluster A criteria were unrelated to alexithymia, and this relationship did not vary as a function of general psychopathology severity.…”

Section: Cluster a Pd Criteria And Alexithymiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, results are mixed both in terms of which specific PDs show increased alexithymia, and of the nature of the alexithymic difficulties eventually endorsed by PD patients. Alexithymia has been associated with the presence of personality disturbances in general (Berenbaum, 1996;De Panfilis et al, 2008;Grabe, Spitzer, & Freyberger, 2001), with Cluster A or C PD only (Bach, de Zwaan, Ackard, Nutzinger, & Mitchell, 1994;Coolidge, Estey, Segal, & Marle, 2013;Nicolò et al, 2011;Sexton, Sunday, Hurt, & Halmi, 1998), or with borderline personality disorder (BPD) (Domes, Grabe, Czieschnek, Heinrichs, & Herpertz, 2011;Guttman & Laporte, 2002;Joyce, Fujiwara, Cristall, Ruddy, & Ogrodniczuk, 2013;New et al, 2012). In addition, PDs have been linked with affective components of alexithymia only (Di Maggio et al, 2013), with both affective and cognitive alexithymia (Domes et al, 2011;New et al, 2012), or with increased alexithymia in general (Coolidge et al, 2013;Honkalampi, Hintikka, Antikainen, Lehtonen, & Viinamaki, 2001;Nicolò et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eating, Substance Use, Anxiety and Mood Disorders) (Marchesi, Bertoni, Cantoni, & Maggini, 2008;Marchesi, Brusamonti, & Maggini, 2000;Marchesi, Fontò, Balista, Cimmino, & Maggini, 2005;Marchesi, Ossola, Tonna, & De Panfilis, 2014;Saarijavi, Salminen, & Toikka, 2001;Taylor et al, 1997). While most studies employing clinical populations did not control for the severity of concurrent psychiatric symptoms (De Panfilis et al, 2008;Domes et al, 2011;Joyce et al, 2013), other studies deal with such issue by including non-clinical samples only (Coolidge et al, 2013) or selected PD samples with no current comorbidity (New et al, 2012), which, however, limits the generalizability of the findings to 'real world' PD patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Finding words for feelings: The relationship between personality disorders and alexithymia

Panfilis

Ossola

Tonna³

et al. 2015

Personality and Individual Differences

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This study examined whether personality disorders (PDs) are associated with alexithymic features at varying levels of comorbid psychopathology distress. 167 psychiatric outpatients completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) and the General Severity Index (GSI) of the SCL90-revised. Bootstrapping analyses were performed to test whether the PD/alexithymia relationship was moderated by psychopathology distress (GSI). The overall number of PD criteria was associated with cognitive aspects of alexithymia (i.e., Externally Oriented Thinking, EOT) only at low/moderate levels of distress. Borderline criteria predicted EOT only when distress was low, while avoidant and dependent criteria were independently related with EOT. No association was found between other PDs and alexithymia facets. Thus, within clinical samples the alexithymia/PD association is mainly explained by comorbid psychopathology; however, individuals with avoidant, dependent and borderline features might have a specific difficulty with focusing on internal reality, even when their current symptom distress is low

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“…Similarly, many studies have reported associations between this construct and state and trait anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, psychopathology, and personality disorders (57,58,59,60,61). It is important to understand the relationship between the construct and the disorders to control the risk factors and thus prevent the disorders (4,50).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%