Are ADHD medications under or over prescribed worldwide?

Maia, Carlos Renato Moreira; Massuti, Rafael; Tessari, Luca; Campani, Fausto; Akutagava-Martins, Gláucia Chiyoko; Cortese, Samuele; Rohde, Luís Augusto

doi:10.1097/md.0000000000010923

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…This systematic review and meta-analysis will not collect any empirical data and the results will be published in peer-reviewed journals. [46] Therefore, no ethical approval is required.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does cognitive-behavioral therapy reduce internet addiction? Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

Zhang

2019

Medicine

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Background:Cognitive-behavioral therapy has been considered as a means for internet addiction, but its long-term effect and the impact of internet addiction types and culture are still unclear.Objective:This study aims to assess the efficacy of cognitive-behavior therapy for internet addiction symptoms and associated other psychopathological symptoms.Method and analysis:We will search PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Ovid Medline, Chongqing Vip Database, Wanfang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure database. Random-effects model in comprehensive meta-analysis software will be used to conduct main meta-analysis. Cochran Q and I2 are be used to assess heterogeneity while funnel plots and the Egger test are used to assess publication bias. Risk of bias for each study included is assessed by using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The primary outcome is internet addiction symptom while secondary outcomes are psychopathological symptoms, time spent online, and dropout.Trials registration number:PROSPERO CRD42019125667

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“…This systematic review and meta-analysis will not collect any empirical data and the results will be published in peer-reviewed journals. [46] Therefore, no ethical approval is required.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does cognitive-behavioral therapy reduce internet addiction? Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

Zhang

2019

Medicine

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“…In the article, “Are ADHD medications under or over prescribed worldwide? : Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis”, [ 1 ] which appeared in Volume 97, Issue 24 or Medicine , the authors would like the below corrections noted.…”

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confidence: 99%

Are ADHD medications under or over prescribed worldwide?

2018

Medicine

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Background:Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by age inappropriate and impairing levels of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity. Pharmacotherapy is an important part of the ADHD multimodal treatment. The extent to which ADHD is pharmacologically over or under treated worldwide is controversial. We aimed to estimate the pooled worldwide rate of ADHD pharmacological treatment in individuals with and without the disorder.Methods:We will include published or unpublished studies reporting the rates of ADHD pharmacological treatment in participants with and without ADHD of any age group. Population-based, cohort, or follow-up studies, as well as data from insurance health system and third-party reimbursements will be eligible. Searches will be performed in a large number of electronic databases, including Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus. The primary outcome will be the prevalence of ADHD pharmacological treatment in individuals with ADHD and without ADHD. Two independent reviewers will perform the screening, and data extraction process. Study quality/bias will be assessed with the Newcastle–Ottawa scale by 2 independent reviewers. To test the robustness of the findings, we will perform a series of sensitivity and meta-regression analysis. Analyses will be performed with R and STATA software.Results, and Conclusion:No IRB approval will be necessary. The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis will be presented at international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.

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