Are Accelerometers and GPS Devices Valid, Reliable and Feasible Tools for Measurement of Community Ambulation After Stroke?

Mahendran, Niruthikha; Kuys, Suzanne; Downie, Emma; Ng, Peggy; Brauer, Sandra G.

doi:10.1017/brimp.2016.13

Cited by 29 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…A total of 90 studies (979 comparisons) examined wearable device step count measurements compared with reference standard criterion measures of manual counting [ 32 , 34 - 38 , 42 , 46 , 47 , 50 - 53 , 57 , 58 , 72 , 80 - 84 , 88 - 102 , 109 , 114 - 125 , 138 - 141 , 144 - 147 , 149 - 153 , 158 - 161 , 165 , 169 - 171 , 173 ] and accelerometry [ 20 , 60 , 64 - 66 , 85 , 103 , 109 , 126 - 128 , 148 , 154 , 164 ] ( Multimedia Appendix 6 ). Of these, 67 studies recruited healthy adults (mean age 35.4 years, SD 17.4 years), 20 studies recruited adults living with limited mobility/chronic diseases (mean age 60.1 years, SD 10.5 years), two studies recruited children living with limited mobility/chronic diseases (mean age 12.5 years, SD 2.9 years), and one study recruited healthy children (mean age 3.7 years, SD 0.6 years).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability and Validity of Commercially Available Wearable Devices for Measuring Steps, Energy Expenditure, and Heart Rate: Systematic Review

Fuller

Colwell

Low

et al. 2020

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth

373

278

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Background Consumer-wearable activity trackers are small electronic devices that record fitness and health-related measures. Objective The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the validity and reliability of commercial wearables in measuring step count, heart rate, and energy expenditure. Methods We identified devices to be included in the review. Database searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, and SPORTDiscus, and only articles published in the English language up to May 2019 were considered. Studies were excluded if they did not identify the device used and if they did not examine the validity or reliability of the device. Studies involving the general population and all special populations were included. We operationalized validity as criterion validity (as compared with other measures) and construct validity (degree to which the device is measuring what it claims). Reliability measures focused on intradevice and interdevice reliability. Results We included 158 publications examining nine different commercial wearable device brands. Fitbit was by far the most studied brand. In laboratory-based settings, Fitbit, Apple Watch, and Samsung appeared to measure steps accurately. Heart rate measurement was more variable, with Apple Watch and Garmin being the most accurate and Fitbit tending toward underestimation. For energy expenditure, no brand was accurate. We also examined validity between devices within a specific brand. Conclusions Commercial wearable devices are accurate for measuring steps and heart rate in laboratory-based settings, but this varies by the manufacturer and device type. Devices are constantly being upgraded and redesigned to new models, suggesting the need for more current reviews and research.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability and Validity of Commercially Available Wearable Devices for Measuring Steps, Energy Expenditure, and Heart Rate: Systematic Review

Fuller

Colwell

Low

et al. 2020

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth

373

278

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It was encased in a water-proof casing and affixed to the skin in the middle of the anterior thigh of the nonhemiparetic leg. The ActivPAL TM has been deemed valid and reliable in people following stroke 19 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of ambulation activity across the first six months post-stroke

2016

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word count: 245 Word count: 2754 Highlights Stroke survivors increase walking activity over the first 6 months post-discharge.  Stroke survivors increase daily sitting time over the first 6-monts post-discahrge.  Stroke survivors spend least time in long duration and high intensity activity.  Interventions to target activity should be considered 3-months post-discharge. AbstractStroke survivors commonly adopt sedentary activity behaviours by the chronic phase of recovery. However, the change in activity behaviours from the subacute to chronic phase of stroke is variable. This study explored the recovery of ambulation activity (volume and bouts) at one, three and six months after hospital discharge post-stroke. A total of 42 stroke survivors were recruited at hospital discharge and followed up one, three and six months later. At follow-up, ambulation activity was measured over four days using the ActivPAL TM accelerometer. Measures included volume of activity and frequency and intensity of ambulation activity bouts per day. Linear mixed effects modelling was used to determine changes over time. There was wide variation in activity. Total step counts across all time points were below required levels for health benefits (mean 4592 SD 3411). Most activity was spread across short bouts. While most number of bouts was of low intensity, most time was spent in moderate intensity ambulation across all time points. Daily step count and time spent walking and sitting/lying increased from one month to three and six months. The number of and time spent in short and medium duration bouts increased from one to six months. Time in long duration bouts increased at three months only. Time spent in moderate intensity ambulation increased over time. No change was observed for any other measures. In future, it would be valuable to identify strategies to increase engagement in activity behaviours to improve health outcomes after stroke.

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“… Physical activity will be measured over 4 days using a triaxial accelerometer (activPAL3™, PAL Technologies Ltd., Glasgow, UK) secured to the middle of the anterior non-paretic thigh and reported as steps/day. This device has been shown to demonstrate concurrent validity for step count, by demonstrating low error (1.6%) and high concurrence with direction observation (ICC 0.99, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.0) in people with stroke walking in an outdoor circuit [ 37 ], and test-retest reliability when walking indoors across days (ICC 0.98, 95% CI 0.93–0.99) [ 37 ]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving physical activity after stroke via treadmill training and self management (IMPACT): a protocol for a randomised controlled trial

et al. 2018

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BackgroundThe level of physical activity undertaken by stroke survivors living in the community is generally low. The main objectives of the IMPACT trial are to determine, in individuals undergoing rehabilitation after stroke, if 8 weeks of high-intensity treadmill training embedded in self-management education (i) results in more physical activity than usual physiotherapy gait training and (ii) is more effective at increasing walking ability, cardiorespiratory fitness, self-efficacy, perception of physical activity, participation, and health-related quality of life as well as decreasing cardiovascular risk, and depression, at 8 and 26 weeks.MethodsA prospective, two-arm, parallel-group, randomised trial with concealed allocation, blinded measurement and intention-to-treat analysis, will be conducted. 128 stroke survivors undergoing rehabilitation who are able to walk independently will be recruited and randomly allocated to either the experimental or control group, who will both undergo gait training for 30 min, three times a week for 8 weeks under the supervision of a physiotherapist. Outcomes will be measured at baseline (Week 0), on completion of the intervention (Week 8) and beyond the intervention (Week 26). This study has obtained ethical approval from the relevant Human Research Ethics Committees.DiscussionImproving stroke survivors’ walking ability and cardiorespiratory fitness is likely to increase their levels of physical activity. Furthermore, if education in self-management results in sustained high levels of physical activity, this should result in improved participation and quality of life.Trial registrationThis trial was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12613000744752) on 4th July, 2013.

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Are Accelerometers and GPS Devices Valid, Reliable and Feasible Tools for Measurement of Community Ambulation After Stroke?

Cited by 29 publications

References 39 publications

Reliability and Validity of Commercially Available Wearable Devices for Measuring Steps, Energy Expenditure, and Heart Rate: Systematic Review

Reliability and Validity of Commercially Available Wearable Devices for Measuring Steps, Energy Expenditure, and Heart Rate: Systematic Review

Recovery of ambulation activity across the first six months post-stroke

Improving physical activity after stroke via treadmill training and self management (IMPACT): a protocol for a randomised controlled trial

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