Are a healthy diet and physical activity synergistically associated with cognitive functioning in older adults?

Nijholt, Willemke; Jager‐Wittenaar, Harriët; Visser, Marjolein; Schans, Cees P. van der; Hobbelen, Hans

doi:10.1007/s12603-015-0610-0

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Studies have shown that poor dietary quality, characterized by lower intakes of fiber, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, and a higher intake of unhealthy fats are associated higher risk for diabetes, 23 cardiovascular diseases, 24 certain types of cancer, 25 decline in physical and cognitive functions, 26,27 fall injuries, 28 hip fractures, 29 and earlier loss of independent living. 30,31 Racial differences in diet quality may contribute to health disparities in older age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial differences in eating patterns and food purchasing behaviors among urban older women

Youssef

Procter-Gray

et al. 2017

The Journal of nutrition, health and aging

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Objectives To examine differences in diet and food purchasing behaviors between Black and White older women living in urban neighborhoods. Design Cross-sectional observational study. Setting Urban neighborhoods in Washington, DC, USA. Participants Community-dwelling White and Black women of age 65 and older. Measurements Participants were queried on diet via 24-hour recalls, food purchasing habits, their use of neighborhood resources and local travel patterns. Frequency and location of self-reported food purchasing and consumption were compared by race. Results In 2014 and 2015, 49 White and 44 Black older women were enrolled in the study. Compared to Whites, Blacks reported lower daily caloric intake (mean (SD) 1314 (404) vs. 1529 (448), p=0.02), with a higher percent of calories from protein and fat 1.8 (7.0), p=0.03), and a slightly higher polyunsaturated to saturated fat ratio (p=0.05). Blacks had substantially lower healthy eating index (HEI) (33.5 (10.2) vs. 43.9 (10.8) of 80 possible points, p<0.001), daily intake (grams) of total fiber (15.3 (8.1) vs. 22.9 (8.5), p<0.001), insoluble fiber (10.8 (6.9) vs. 15.9 (6.5), p<0.001), and soluble fiber (4.5 (2.0) vs. 6.9 (2.8), p<0.001). Blacks had lower intake of micronutrients, alcohol and caffeine. Blacks shopped for groceries less often (4.4 (3.0) vs. 6.2 (3.0) monthly; p=0.006) and spent a longer time traveling to stores (15.8 (9.1) vs. 11.5 (7.2) minutes per trip, p=0.02). A lower percent of Blacks walked to stores (14% vs. 40%, p=0.003) and a higher percent of Blacks rode in a car with someone else (33% vs. 6%, p<0.001). Conclusions In an urban setting, food consumption and purchasing behaviors differed substantially between older Black and White women, which should be further investigated and considered to promote healthy eating in older populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial differences in eating patterns and food purchasing behaviors among urban older women

Youssef

Procter-Gray

et al. 2017

The Journal of nutrition, health and aging

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“…For the current study, therefore, we discarded this variable. In addition, due to time constraints and the multitude of confounding factors we did not take into account e.g., a healthy diet [ 50 ] or other leisure activities [ 51 ]. However, we do have more detailed information on the specific hobbies our participants engaged in (e.g., gardening, quilting, etc), which calls for a future study with more fine-grained analyses at the individual level.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intensity of Multilingual Language Use Predicts Cognitive Performance in Some Multilingual Older Adults

2018

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Cognitive advantages for bilinguals have inconsistently been observed in different populations, with different operationalisations of bilingualism, cognitive performance, and the process by which language control transfers to cognitive control. This calls for studies investigating which aspects of multilingualism drive a cognitive advantage, in which populations and under which conditions. This study reports on two cognitive tasks coupled with an extensive background questionnaire on health, wellbeing, personality, language knowledge and language use, administered to 387 older adults in the northern Netherlands, a small but highly multilingual area. Using linear mixed effects regression modeling, we find that when different languages are used frequently in different contexts, enhanced attentional control is observed. Subsequently, a PLS regression model targeting also other influential factors yielded a two-component solution whereby only more sensitive measures of language proficiency and language usage in different social contexts were predictive of cognitive performance above and beyond the contribution of age, gender, income and education. We discuss these findings in light of previous studies that try to uncover more about the nature of bilingualism and the cognitive processes that may drive an advantage. With an unusually large sample size our study advocates for a move away from dichotomous, knowledge-based operationalisations of multilingualism and offers new insights for future studies at the individual level.

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“…No interaction was noted between the two lifestyle factors we considered (diet and physical activity) when considering disabilities of aging. While not considering physical disability directly, it is interesting to note a recent study by Nijholt et al found no synergistic interaction in the beneficial roles of diet and exercise associated with cognitive function of old age [52].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Healthy eating index-2010 and physical activity and disabilities of old age

Root

Nielsen

Smith

et al. 2019

NHA

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BACKGROUND: Consuming a poor diet and being physically inactive may increase the risk of developing disabilities of old age. OBJECTIVE: To investigate correlations between Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010) scores, physical activity levels, and disabilities of old age in a large biracial cohort. METHODS: The ARIC Study is a prospective cohort aged 45-64 years at baseline. Overall diet quality was assessed using the HEI-2010. A physical activity score was the sum of work, sports, and leisure. Activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and functional abilities were compared with HEI-2010 and physical activity by logistic regression 9 years after the baseline examination. RESULTS: Compared with the lowest quartile, quartile 4 healthier HEI-2010 scores showed an odds ratios of 0.76 (95% confidence interval 0.67-0.87) for functional disability, 0.89 (95% CI 0.75-1.07) for ADL disabilities, and 0.88 (95% CI 0.76-0.1.03) for IADL disabilities. Compared with the lowest tertile, tertile 3 of physical activity showed an odds ratios of 0.60 (95% CI 0.54-0.67) for functional disability, 0.68 (95% CI 0.60-0.78) for ADL disabilities, and 0.53 (95% CI 0.47-0.60) for IADL disabilities. CONCLUSIONS: Healthier diet and higher physical activity were associated with lower levels of the disabilities of aging, particularly functional disability, at follow up.

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Are a healthy diet and physical activity synergistically associated with cognitive functioning in older adults?

Abstract: The results of this cross-sectional study indicate that adherence to a healthy diet is inde-pendently related to cognitive functioning. Being physically active does not modify this association. Furthermore, these two lifestyle factors do not synergistically relate to cognitive functioning.

Cited by 11 publications

References 52 publications

Racial differences in eating patterns and food purchasing behaviors among urban older women

Racial differences in eating patterns and food purchasing behaviors among urban older women

Intensity of Multilingual Language Use Predicts Cognitive Performance in Some Multilingual Older Adults

Healthy eating index-2010 and physical activity and disabilities of old age

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