Arctica islandica: the longest lived non colonial animal known to science

Ridgway, Iain; Richardson, C. A.

doi:10.1007/s11160-010-9171-9

Cited by 37 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 105 publications

(139 reference statements)

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“…Some marine bivalves are extremely long-lived, and among non-colonial organisms, the ocean quahog Arctica islandica has the longest confirmed lifespan (Ridgway & Richardson 2011). One individual with a lifespan of more than 400 yr has been reported (Wanamaker et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-dependent patterns of antioxidants in Arctica islandica from six regionally separate populations with different lifespans

Basova¹,

Begum²,

Strahl³

et al. 2012

Aquat. Biol.

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Environmental factors such as temperature and salinity regimes shape lifespan in marine ectotherms. We investigated whether the effect occurs through modification of metabolic reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing processes and is thus in line with the rate of living-free radical theory of aging. We compared 6 biogeographically and climatically distinct populations of the extremely long-lived ocean quahog Arctica islandica for age-dependent differences in metabolic rates and antioxidant capacities (superoxide dismutase, catalase activity and total glutathione concentration). The temperature and salinity ranges covered by the sampling locations (Norwegian coast, White Sea, Iceland, Kattegat, Kiel Bay and German Bight) were 3.7 to 9.3°C and 20 to 35 ppt. Bivalve shells were used as age recorders by counting annual growth bands. Maximum determined age in different populations varied between 29 and 192 yr. Extreme longevity observed in some North Atlantic A. islandica populations seems to be based on their very low lifetime mass-specific respiration, in combination with stable maintenance of antioxidant protection throughout life in mature specimens. While the antioxidant capacity was similar among all populations, the shorter-lived populations exhibited the highest metabolic rates and showed no metabolic response (Q 10 ) when warmed to higher temperature. Low and fluctuating salinity in the Baltic may further exert stress, which enhances respiration rates and reduces longevity in the Baltic Sea population. The exceptionally long lifespan of A. islandica cannot be exclusively explained by a well-established antioxidant defense system, and the long lifespan of some populations may rather be a function of low ROS formation (low metabolic rate) and high damage repair/removal capacities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-dependent patterns of antioxidants in Arctica islandica from six regionally separate populations with different lifespans

Basova¹,

Begum²,

Strahl³

et al. 2012

Aquat. Biol.

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“…The ocean quahog, Arctica islandica (Linnaeus 1767), is a prominent example for marine invertebrate longevity (Ridgway and Richardson, 2010). Recorded MLSPs (MLSP rec ) of A. islandica differ regionally between populations from sub-Arctic environments around Iceland (IC) with individual ages of more than 350years (Schöne et al, 2005;Wanamaker et al, 2008), and from the German Bight (GB) with recorded individual MLSPs of 150years (Witbaard and Klein, 1994;Witbaard et al, 1999;Epplé et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological responses to self-induced burrowing and metabolic rate depression in the ocean quahogArctica islandica

Strahl

Brey

Philipp

et al. 2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYArctica islandica is the longest-lived non-colonial animal found so far, and reaches individual ages of 150years in the German Bight (GB) and more than 350years around Iceland (IC). Frequent burrowing and physiological adjustments to low tissue oxygenation in the burrowed state are proposed to lower mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. We investigated burrowing patterns and shell water partial pressure of oxygen (P O2 ) in experiments with live A. islandica. Furthermore, succinate accumulation and antioxidant defences were recorded in tissues of bivalves in the normoxic or metabolically downregulated state, as well as ROS formation in isolated gills exposed to normoxia, hypoxia and hypoxia/reoxygenation. IC bivalves burrowed more frequently and deeper in winter than in summer under in situ conditions, and both IC and GB bivalves remained burrowed for between 1 and 6days in laboratory experiments. Shell water P O2 was <5kPa when bivalves were maintained in fully oxygenated seawater, and ventilation increased before animals entered the state of metabolic depression. Succinate did not accumulate upon spontaneous shell closure, although shell water P O2 was 0kPa for over 24h. A ROS burst was absent in isolated gills during hypoxia/reoxygenation, and antioxidant enzyme activities were not enhanced in metabolically depressed clams compared with normally respiring clams. Postponing the onset of anaerobiosis in the burrowed state and under hypoxic exposure presumably limits the need for elevated recovery respiration upon surfacing and oxidative stress during reoxygenation.

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“…We speculate that higher observed F 2 IsoPs in Icelandic A. islandica may be the result of higher total lipid uptake in the Icelandic environment. Many clams get most of their polyunsaturated fatty acids from their diets (Langdon and Waldock 1981;Parent et al 2008), and Icelandic A. islandica may have a richer available diet than Baltic Sea A. islandica (Ridgway and Richardson 2010). Analyses and comparisons of lipid and proteome compositions of the two investigated A. islandica populations could give more insights into underlying mechanisms of lipid peroxidation and protein stability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related cellular changes in the long-lived bivalve A. islandica

Gruber

Wessels

Boynton

et al. 2015

AGE

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One of the biggest challenges to studying causes and effects of aging is identifying changes in cells that are related to senescence instead of simply the passing of chronological time. We investigated two populations of the longest living non-colonial metazoan, Arctica islandica, with lifespans that differed sixfolds. Of four investigated parameters (nucleic acid oxidation, protein oxidation, lipid oxidation, and protein instability), only nucleic acid oxidation increased with age and correlated with relative lifespan. Nucleic acid oxidation levels increased significantly faster and were significantly higher in the shorter-lived than the longer-lived population. In contrast, neither protein oxidation, lipid oxidation, nor protein stability changed over time. Protein resistance to unfolding stress when treated with urea was significantly lower overall in the shorter-lived population, and lipid peroxidation levels were higher in the longer-lived population. With the exception of nucleic acid oxidation, damage levels of A. islandica do not change with age, indicating excellent cellular maintenance in both populations. Since correlations between nucleic acid oxidation and age have also been shown previously in other organisms, and nucleic acid oxidation accumulation rate correlates with relative age in both investigated populations, nucleic acid oxidation may reflect intrinsic aging mechanisms. AGE (2015) 37: 90

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Arctica islandica: the longest lived non colonial animal known to science

Cited by 37 publications

References 105 publications

Age-dependent patterns of antioxidants in Arctica islandica from six regionally separate populations with different lifespans

Age-dependent patterns of antioxidants in Arctica islandica from six regionally separate populations with different lifespans

Physiological responses to self-induced burrowing and metabolic rate depression in the ocean quahogArctica islandica

Age-related cellular changes in the long-lived bivalve A. islandica

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