Arctic winter 2005: Implications for stratospheric ozone loss and climate change

Rex, Markus; Salawitch, R. J.; Deckelmann, Holger; Gathen, Peter von der; Harris, Neil; Chipperfield, Martyn P.; Naujokat, B.; Reimer, E.; Allaart, Marc; Andersen, S. B.; Bevilacqua, R. M.; Braathen, Geir; Claude, H.; Davies, J.; Backer, H. De; Dier, H.; Dorokhov, V.; Fast, H.; Gerding, M.; Godin‐Beekmann, Sophie; Hoppel, K. W.; Johnson, B. J.; Kyrö, E.; Lityńska, Z.; Moore, David; Nakane, Hideaki; Parrondo, M. C.; Risley, A. D.; Skřivánková, P.; Stübi, René; Viatte, P.; Yushkov, V.; Zerefos, C.

doi:10.1029/2006gl026731

Cited by 172 publications

(277 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In summary, at the 450 K level one finds, for the early January to early March period, a first cluster of conservative values around 1.2 ppmv Rex et al, 2006), while values as high as 2.3 ppmv were found by Jin et al (2006b) and Singleton et al (2007). Ozone loss values were also higher in von Hobe et al (2006), but were a local measure and not a vortex-average.…”

Section: Summary Of Other Ozone Loss Estimates For Winter 2004/05mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Anomalously cold temperatures below T NAT were also found in the lowermost stratosphere, at theta levels lower than 400 K Rex et al, 2006). The period with temperatures below T NAT at 50 hPa was the longest on record , which meant that the winter-mean PSC volume was also the largest on record (Rex et al, 2006). In late January, ODIN/SMR satellite observations revealed significant uptake of nitric acid over the Arctic and North Atlantic, an indication of PSC formation (Urban et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…425-450 K) than in other years characterized by large ozone losses in the Arctic, such as winter 1999/2000. This led to the highest column ozone loss (up to 120 Dobson units (DU)) ever estimated for the Arctic, which falls on the high end of the compact, near-linear relationship between column ozone loss and PSC volume established for the last 15 winters (Rex et al, 2006).…”

Section: Summary Of Other Ozone Loss Estimates For Winter 2004/05mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Lagrangian Match technique uses multiple sampling of an air mass by in situ or satellite measurements to infer ozone loss along the assumed trajectory. For winter 2004/05, several variants of the above methods were applied by Jin et al (2006b) using ACE data, Manney et al (2006) using EOS MLS data, Rex et al (2006) using Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM), Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) and sonde data, and von Hobe et al (2006) using aircraft measurements.…”

Section: Summary Of Other Ozone Loss Estimates For Winter 2004/05mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimation of Arctic ozone loss in winter 2004/05 based on assimilation of EOS MLS and SBUV/2 observations

Jackson

Orsolini

2008

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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ABSTRACT:In this paper we present a new technique for the estimation of ozone loss in the stratospheric polar vortex based on the assimilation of Earth Observing System Microwave Limb Sounder (EOS MLS) and Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet radiometer (SBUV/2) ozone observations in the Met Office data assimilation system. We focus on the northern winter of 2004/05, which was exceptionally cold in the Arctic stratosphere, with associated large ozone depletion due to heterogeneous chemistry. Our ozone loss estimate, which was calculated for the 1 February to 10 March 2005 period, peaks at 450 K (approximately 17-18 km), and is 0.6 ppmv at that isentropic level (our loss estimate for the vortex core only was somewhat higher (1.0 ppmv) and indicates uncertainties related to mixing at the vortex edge). This value is similar to or smaller than results from other studies, which estimate ozone loss in this period to be in the 0.6-1.2 ppmv range. When combined with results from other studies that estimate ozone loss occurring outside our assimilation period, we obtain an estimate of 0.8-1.2 ppmv for ozone loss from early January to early March 2005. We find a second maximum in ozone loss for the 1 February-10 March period near 650 K (approximately 25 km) of around 0.4 ppmv. This is a lower figure than found in other studies, but ozone loss is actually much stronger at this level outside the vortex in a low-ozone pocket in the Aleutian anticyclone, likely due to the NOx catalytic cycle. Our results show that the ozone data assimilation method we have used to estimate ozone loss is very promising, and can lead to potentially more accurate ozone-loss estimates than other methods.

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Section: Summary Of Other Ozone Loss Estimates For Winter 2004/05mentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Summary Of Other Ozone Loss Estimates For Winter 2004/05mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Summary Of Other Ozone Loss Estimates For Winter 2004/05mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Estimation of Arctic ozone loss in winter 2004/05 based on assimilation of EOS MLS and SBUV/2 observations

Jackson

Orsolini

2008

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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“…The winter mean PSC volume was the largest on record (Rex et al, 2006), and the period for which 50 hPa temperatures were low enough for Type-I PSC formation was the longest on record . Thus the potential for significant stratospheric ozone depletion was large.…”

Section: Northern-hemisphere Polar Ozone Depletionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assimilation of EOS MLS ozone observations in the Met Office data‐assimilation system

Jackson¹

2007

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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ABSTRACT:In this paper the impact of Earth Observing System Microwave Limb Sounder (EOS MLS) observations on ozone analyses is investigated using the Met Office data-assimilation system. EOS MLS was launched in 2004, and produces high-quality ozone observations in the upper troposphere and stratosphere at high vertical and horizontal resolution. The experiments shown here are run using 3D-Var and a forecast model that has 50 levels -from the surface to approximately 63 km -and a horizontal resolution of 2.5°latitude by 3.75°longitude. Most of the experiments are run for the period January-February 2005.The chief impact of assimilating EOS MLS data is a reduction of the mean analysis error, and of the standard deviation, in the lower stratosphere. Compared with control simulations, mean errors drop by 5%-25% in the Southern-Hemisphere extratropics, by around 10% in the Northern-Hemisphere extratropics, and by around 50% (with respect to ozonesondes) in the region of the tropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere.Further investigation shows that the improved ozone analyses in the Southern Hemisphere largely result from a much better representation of summertime low-ozone events. These events have been documented in the northern summer stratosphere, but never before in the southern summer stratosphere. In the Northern Hemisphere the addition of EOS MLS to the assimilation system is shown to lead to a better representation of winter polar ozone depletion. At low latitudes, it appears that errors in the background model transport fields often lead to errors in the ozone analysis, but that the addition of high-density, good-quality EOS MLS data alleviates much of this error. It is noted that the EOS MLS data have a more beneficial impact on ozone analyses in this region than do data from the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding, which has a similar resolution and observational error to EOS MLS.  Crown

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Trend Analysis of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the External Lip From 1975 to 2016

Mehta

Nguyen

Chang

et al. 2021

JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg

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utaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common nonmelanoma skin cancer, with an incidence between 5 and 96 per 100 000 individuals. 1,2 Most patients with this malignant neoplasm are diagnosed early and treated surgically with disease-free survival. However, between 3.7% and 5.8% of cases metastasize, leading to 4000 to 9000 deaths annually in the United States. 3 Cutaneous SCC of the head and neck (cHNSCC) is a primary site of special concern. Commonly affected sites in this region are the external lip and ear. Cutaneous HNSCC accounts for up to 49% to 60% of all cSCC cases, and the anatomical structures of this region predispose to high morbidity with invasive tumors. [4][5][6][7] Analyses of cSCC have found a strong correlation between UV radiation and immunosuppression with disease incidence. 2,5,8,9 These risk factors contribute to the varying in-cidence found within populations, with patients exposed to immunosuppressive drugs or higher UV index more likely to develop this malignant neoplasm. As such, geography is an important risk factor for patients. Individuals living in the more southern regions of the United States have traditionally been targeted as an at-risk group.Localized cases of cSCC are treated surgically, with minimum margins of 4.0 mm (T1) or 6.0 mm (T2) and are curative in 95% of cases. 6 Locally advanced tumors, T3 or greater, are at least 4 cm in size or invade bone or perineural structures. 2 These malignant neoplasms are almost always treated surgically, with either standard excision or Mohs micrographic surgery. Perineural invasion occurs in 2% to 14% of cases, with a high risk of recurrence (47%) and metastasis (35%). 10 Treatment of metastatic disease is multidisciplinary; lymphadenec-IMPORTANCE Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common nonmelanoma skin cancer and commonly affects the head and neck. Increasing regional reports of aggressive cases warrant an analysis of population-based trends of cSCC of the head and neck. OBJECTIVE To assess demographic, clinical, and survival trends among patients with cSCC of the external lip. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This was a retrospective, population-based cohort study of 15 171 cases of cSCC of the external lip registered in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 1975 and 2016. Statistical analyses were conducted in October 2020. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESThe primary outcome was clinical characteristics (tumor site, stage, and tumor grade). Demographic characteristics, incidence, treatment characteristics, and survival outcomes were also assessed. RESULTSIn total, 15 171 cases of cSCC were extracted from the SEER database (80.3% of patients were male, and 97.0% identified as being of White race/ethnicity). Incidence among male patients decreased from 4.4 to 0.8 per 100 000 during the study period, whereas the female patients' share cases increased from 8.4% in 1975 to 1979 to 26.1% by 2016. Cases increased in the US Pacific Coast and eastern regions, and along...

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Arctic winter 2005: Implications for stratospheric ozone loss and climate change

Cited by 172 publications

References 14 publications

Estimation of Arctic ozone loss in winter 2004/05 based on assimilation of EOS MLS and SBUV/2 observations

Estimation of Arctic ozone loss in winter 2004/05 based on assimilation of EOS MLS and SBUV/2 observations

Assimilation of EOS MLS ozone observations in the Met Office data‐assimilation system

Trend Analysis of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the External Lip From 1975 to 2016

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