Arctic Terns<i>Sterna paradisaea</i>from the Netherlands Migrate Record Distances Across Three Oceans to Wilkes Land, East Antarctica

Fijn, Ruben C.; Hiemstra, Derick; Phillips, Richard A.; Winden, J. van der

doi:10.5253/078.101.0102

Cited by 63 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…However, based on the terns' known flight speed and the average daily distance travelled, as determined with geolocators [44,45], the birds have more than 7 h per day that could be used for sleeping on the ocean surface.…”

Section: Ternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleeping on the wing

Rattenborg¹

2017

Interface Focus.

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Wakefulness enables animals to interface adaptively with the environment. Paradoxically, in insects to humans, the efficacy of wakefulness depends on daily sleep, a mysterious, usually quiescent state of reduced environmental awareness. However, several birds fly non-stop for days, weeks or months without landing, questioning whether and how they sleep. It is commonly assumed that such birds sleep with one cerebral hemisphere at a time (i.e. unihemispherically) and with only the corresponding eye closed, as observed in swimming dolphins. However, the discovery that birds on land can perform adaptively despite sleeping very little raised the possibility that birds forgo sleep during long flights. In the first study to measure the brain state of birds during long flights, great frigatebirds ( Fregata minor ) slept, but only during soaring and gliding flight. Although sleep was more unihemispheric in flight than on land, sleep also occurred with both brain hemispheres, indicating that having at least one hemisphere awake is not required to maintain the aerodynamic control of flight. Nonetheless, soaring frigatebirds appeared to use unihemispheric sleep to watch where they were going while circling in rising air currents. Despite being able to engage in all types of sleep in flight, the birds only slept for 0.7 h d −1 during flights lasting up to 10 days. By contrast, once back on land they slept 12.8 h d −1 . This suggests that the ecological demands for attention usually exceeded that afforded by sleeping unihemispherically. The ability to interface adaptively with the environment despite sleeping very little challenges commonly held views regarding sleep, and therefore serves as a powerful system for examining the functions of sleep and the consequences of its loss.

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Section: Ternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleeping on the wing

Rattenborg¹

2017

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“…Radar observations of Arctic breeding shorebirds at different locations along the migration route are in general agreement with this hypothesis [41]. Arctic terns on passage in the Baltic Sea can definitely be considered as being far from their final goal, but they probably have more nearby intermediate goals along their route, such as the Swedish mainland coast and the North Atlantic stopover area used by other populations [21,22]. When passing Vitemölla, Arctic and common terns exhibited full wind drift when climbing inland, which may be due to sensory difficulties to achieve compensation during this flight behaviour [25].…”

Section: (B) Wind Driftmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…On autumn migration Arctic terns from populations on Greenland, Iceland and The Netherlands are initially bound for a first stopover area north of the Azores in the North Atlantic [21,22]. The loxodromic (rhumb line, i.e.…”

Section: Discussion (A) Migratory Flight Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecology of tern flight in relation to wind, topography and aerodynamic theory

Hedenström

Åkesson

2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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One contribution of 17 to a theme issue 'Moving in a moving medium: new perspectives on flight'. Flight is an economical mode of locomotion, because it is both fast and relatively cheap per unit of distance, enabling birds to migrate long distances and obtain food over large areas. The power required to fly follows a U-shaped function in relation to airspeed, from which context dependent 'optimal' flight speeds can be derived. Crosswinds will displace birds away from their intended track unless they make compensatory adjustments of heading and airspeed. We report on flight track measurements in five geometrically similar tern species ranging one magnitude in body mass, from both migration and the breeding season at the island of Ö land in the Baltic Sea. When leaving the southern point of Ö land, migrating Arctic and common terns made a 608 shift in track direction, probably guided by a distant landmark. Terns adjusted both airspeed and heading in relation to tail and side wind, where coastlines facilitated compensation. Airspeed also depended on ecological context (searching versus not searching for food), and it increased with flock size. Species-specific maximum range speed agreed with predicted speeds from a new aerodynamic theory. Our study shows that the selection of airspeed is a behavioural trait that depended on a complex blend of internal and external factors.This article is part of the themed issue 'Moving in a moving medium: new perspectives on flight'.

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“…Animals move over a vast array of temporal and spatial scales, ranging from the single burrows inhabited by trapdoor spiders (Mygalomorphae) over their decadal lifetimes [1], to the annual 70 000-90 000 km trans-hemispheric migrations of Arctic terns (Sterna paradisaea) [2]. Animals move to forage or find other resources, breed, and escape predation and competition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupling movement and landscape ecology for animal conservation in production landscapes

Doherty¹,

Driscoll²

2018

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Habitat conversion in production landscapes is among the greatest threats to biodiversity, not least because it can disrupt animal movement. Using the movement ecology framework, we review animal movement in production landscapes, including areas managed for agriculture and forestry. We consider internal and external drivers of altered animal movement and how this affects navigation and motion capacities and population dynamics. Conventional management approaches in fragmented landscapes focus on promoting connectivity using structural changes in the landscape. However, a movement ecology perspective emphasizes that manipulating the internal motivations or navigation capacity of animals represents untapped opportunities to improve movement and the effectiveness of structural connectivity investments. Integrating movement and landscape ecology opens new opportunities for conservation management in production landscapes.

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Arctic TernsSterna paradisaeafrom the Netherlands Migrate Record Distances Across Three Oceans to Wilkes Land, East Antarctica

Cited by 63 publications

References 25 publications

Sleeping on the wing

Sleeping on the wing

Ecology of tern flight in relation to wind, topography and aerodynamic theory

Coupling movement and landscape ecology for animal conservation in production landscapes

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