Arctic Societies, Cultures, and Peoples in a Changing Cryosphere

Hovelsrud, Grete K.; Poppel, Birger; Oort, Bob van; Reist, James D.

doi:10.1007/s13280-011-0219-4

Cited by 112 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Some black carbon emissions result from marine transportation and offshore fossil fuel extraction within the Arctic (Macdonald et al 2005), activities which are likely to increase as sea ice retreats (see Meier et al 2011 andHovelsrud et al 2011). However, sources of black carbon are primarily located outside the Arctic.…”

Section: Observed Changes In Albedo and Snowpack Chemistry: Black Carmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Changing Face of Arctic Snow Cover: A Synthesis of Observed and Projected Changes

Callaghan

Johansson

Brown

et al. 2011

AMBIO

295

215

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Analysis of in situ and satellite data shows evidence of different regional snow cover responses to the widespread warming and increasing winter precipitation that has characterized the Arctic climate for the past 40-50 years. The largest and most rapid decreases in snow water equivalent (SWE) and snow cover duration (SCD) are observed over maritime regions of the Arctic with the highest precipitation amounts. There is also evidence of marked differences in the response of snow cover between the North American and Eurasian sectors of the Arctic, with the North American sector exhibiting decreases in snow cover and snow depth over the entire period of available in situ observations from around 1950, while widespread decreases in snow cover are not apparent over Eurasia until after around 1980. However, snow depths are increasing in many regions of Eurasia. Warming and more frequent winter thaws are contributing to changes in snow pack structure with important implications for land use and provision of ecosystem services. Projected changes in snow cover from Global Climate Models for the 2050 period indicate increases in maximum SWE of up to 15% over much of the Arctic, with the largest increases (15-30%) over the Siberian sector. In contrast, SCD is projected to decrease by about 10-20% over much of the Arctic, with the smallest decreases over Siberia (\10%) and the largest decreases over Alaska and northern Scandinavia (30-40%) by 2050. These projected changes will have far-reaching consequences for the climate system, human activities, hydrology, and ecology.

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Section: Observed Changes In Albedo and Snowpack Chemistry: Black Carmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Changing Face of Arctic Snow Cover: A Synthesis of Observed and Projected Changes

Callaghan

Johansson

Brown

et al. 2011

AMBIO

295

215

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“…ARR and AACA are among the Arctic Council's key successor activities to the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA 2005) and Snow, Water, Ice and Permafrost in the Arctic (SWIPA 2011). Given the prevalence of modeling in the analysis of ecological systems, resilience and land change science (Carpenter et al 2005, Turner et al 2007, some suggest that cultural values, practices and local knowledge can and should be integrated into systems models, inasmuch as they direct behavior in predictable ways and may be generalized (Crane 2010, Hovelsrud et al 2011). Such integration is perhaps too much to expect anytime soon.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural Resilience of Social-ecological Systems in the Nenets and Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs, Russia: A Focus on Reindeer Nomads of the Tundra

Forbes¹

2013

E&S

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ABSTRACT. Empirical data on resilience in social-ecological systems (SESs) are reviewed from local and regional scale case studies among full-time nomads in the neighboring Nenets and Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs, Russia. The focus is on critical cultural factors contributing to SES resilience. In particular, this work presents an integrated view of people situated in specific tundra landscapes that face significantly different prospects for adaptation depending on existing or planned infrastructure associated with oil and gas development. Factors contributing to general resilience are compared to those that are adapted to certain spatial and temporal contexts. Environmental factors include ample space and an abundance of resources, such as fish and game (e.g., geese), to augment the diet of not only the migratory herders, but also residents from coastal settlements. In contrast to other regions, such as the Nenets Okrug, Yamal Nenets households consist of intact nuclear families with high retention among youth in the nomadic tundra population. Accepting attitudes toward exogenous drivers such as climate change and industrial development appear to play a significant role in how people react to both extreme weather events and piecemeal confiscation or degradation of territory. Consciousness of their role as responsible stewards of the territories they occupy has likely been a factor in maintaining viable wildlife populations over centuries. Institutions administering reindeer herding have remained flexible, especially on Yamal, and so accommodate decision-making that is sensitive to herders' needs and timetables. This affects factors such as herd demography, mobility and energetics. Resilience is further facilitated within the existing governance regimes by herders' own agency, most recently in the post-Soviet shift to smaller, privately managed herds that can better utilize available pastures in a highly dynamic environment experiencing rapid socio-economic, climate and land use change.

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“…Climate change, turbulent (geo)political developments and intensive exploitation of natural resources contrast with ambitions to keep this region as a territory of peace, protected nature and, not least, a safeguarded home of indigenous people (Berkman and Young 2009;Young 2011;Brosnan, Leschine, and Miles 2011;Hovelsrud et al 2011;Knecht and Keil 2013;Keil 2014). This dilemma of development versus conservation frequently upsets decision-makers and stakeholders since finding a middle ground between fossil fuel-based economic development, environmental protection and indigenous people, who try to maintain traditional ways of life (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can zoning resolve nature use conflicts? The case of the Numto Nature Park in the Russian Arctic

Pristupa

Tysiachniouk

Mol

et al. 2017

Journal of Environmental Planning and Management

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In the Russian Arctic, nature protection is important to preserve valuable ecosystems and indigenous lifestyles against the rapidly expanding oil and gas activities. In this regard, zoning legitimately balances influential stakeholders versus weak ones, and can leverage stakeholders to exercise their rights. This study explores how various stakeholders employ zoning in the Numto Nature Park in the oil-rich Russian KhantyMansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra to advance their interests and how they use scientific information to achieve this. Through stakeholder interviews, analysis of electronic media and literature review, we conclude that a participatory and sciencebased zoning exercise stimulates the necessary deliberation. However, legal ambiguity, deficient law implementation and informal practices limit the zoning's potential to balance stakeholders' interests. All the stakeholders calculatingly used scientific information to legitimize their own ambitions, activities and claims. Hence, zoning and the underlying information claims should be interpreted as both a resource and a battleground in nature-use conflicts.

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Arctic Societies, Cultures, and Peoples in a Changing Cryosphere

Cited by 112 publications

References 41 publications

The Changing Face of Arctic Snow Cover: A Synthesis of Observed and Projected Changes

The Changing Face of Arctic Snow Cover: A Synthesis of Observed and Projected Changes

Cultural Resilience of Social-ecological Systems in the Nenets and Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs, Russia: A Focus on Reindeer Nomads of the Tundra

Can zoning resolve nature use conflicts? The case of the Numto Nature Park in the Russian Arctic

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