Arcobacter mytili sp. nov., an indoxyl acetate-hydrolysis-negative bacterium isolated from mussels

Abstract

Three Arcobacter isolates, recovered from mussels (genus Mytilus), and one isolate from brackish water in Catalonia (north-east Spain) showed a novel pattern using a recently described identification method for members of the genus Arcobacter, 16S rRNA gene RFLP. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR fingerprinting demonstrated that the three isolates from mussels belonged to two genotypes and that the fourth isolate from water belonged to a third genotype. Analysis of the 16S rRNA and rpoB gene sequences showed that the new isolates formed a separate lineage within the genus Arcobacter. This was also confirmed by the low DNA-DNA relatedness values (16-30%) of the isolates with the type strains of recognized Arcobacter species. Hydrolysis of indoxyl acetate, a characteristic trait for all species of the genus Arcobacter, was negative for the novel isolates. The susceptibility of the novel isolates to cefoperazone, together with the lack of urease production and nitrate reduction, further enabled them to be differentiated from recognized Arcobacter species based on physiological characteristics. Genotypic and phenotypic characteristics indicated that the new isolates represent a novel species of the genus Arcobacter, for which the name Arcobacter mytili sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain F2075(T) (=CECT 7386(T) =LMG 24559(T)). The DNA G + C content of strain F2075(T) was 26.9 mol%

Hemolymph microbiome of Pacific oysters in response to temperature, temperature stress and infection

“…Arcobacter spp. is often found in association with marine organisms-ranging from bottle-nosed dolphins (Lima et al, 2012), marine seaweeds (Hollants et al, 2011), crabs (Givens et al, 2013), mussels (Collado et al, 2009), abalones (Tanaka et al, 2004) and oysters (Romero et al, 2002). The eProteobacteria are usually rare in coastal seawater and sediments (Campbell et al, 2011;Gobet et al, 2012), and they were rare in recent studies of oyster stomach (King et al, 2012), gut (Trabal Fernandez et al, 2013) and gill microbiota .…”

“…This also applies to the hemolymph (Olafsen et al, 1993;Garnier et al, 2007, Wendling et al, 2014-the functional analog of blood in vertebrates (Bachere et al, 2004). The presence of viable bacteria in the hemolymph of healthy oysters can influence the outcome of pathogen infections either by stimulating immunity or by competitive exclusion (Schmitt et al, 2012); isolation of antimicrobial compounds of bacterial origin from oyster hemolymph has provided support for the latter hypothesis (Defer et al, 2013). Yet oyster hemolymph microbiota have rarely been studied and so far only by means of culture-dependent methods (Olafsen et al, 1993;Garnier et al, 2007;Wendling et al, 2014).…”

Comparison of Conventional PCR, Multiplex PCR, and Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assays for Rapid Detection of Arcobacter Species

“…Arcobacter nitrofigilis and Arcobacter cryaerophilus were previously included in the genus Campylobacter and later reassigned to the genus Arcobacter. In the past decade, the genus Arcobacter has been expanded to include 14 species with the following chronological order of discovery: Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter skirrowii, Arcobacter cibarius, Arcobacter halophilus, Arcobacter mytili, Arcobacter thereius, Arcobacter marinus, Arcobacter trophiarum, Arcobacter defluvii, Arcobacter molluscorum, Arcobacter bivalviorum, and Arcobacter venerupis (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). Among the Arcobacter species described to date, A. butzleri, A. skirrowii, and A. cryaerophilus are considered human pathogens causing gastroenteritis or bacteremia (16).…”

Arcobacter butzleri: first isolation report from chicken carcasses in costa rica

“…marinus and the "Candidatus A. sulfidicus" (1,9,13). At present, A. butzleri is considered the most common species of the genus being considered as a zoonotic and emerging foodborne pathogen that could be associated with bacteremia and human diarrheic illness.…”