Archosaurs and Their Kin: The Ruling Reptiles

Sobral, Gabriela; Müller, Johannes

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46661-3_10

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…9A). Sobral et al (2012) arrived at a similar conclusion regarding the pathway of the posterior cerebral vein in the ornithopod Dysalotosaurus.…”

Section: Palaeontologymentioning

confidence: 61%

“…A bifurcating groove extends posterodorsally PALAEONTOLOGY from the internal foramen for CN VII and indicates the course of CN VIII (Fig. 3A); a similar reconstruction of this region was made for some ornithopods (Hopson, 1979;Sobral et al, 2012). The internal opening of the metotic foramen (MF) is just posterior to the otic capsule.…”

Section: Palaeontologymentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The internal opening of the metotic foramen (MF) is just posterior to the otic capsule. The metotic foramen is undivided (see discussion in Rieppel [1985]; Gower and Weber, 1998;Sobral et al, 2012) and likely transmitted the perilymphatic sac, CN IX-XI, and the posterior cerebral vein (vagal vein in Sedlmayr [2002]). The wall between the vestibular recess and the MF is incised.…”

Section: Palaeontologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The crista prootica separates two more or less defined clusters of neurovascular foramina, and here we discuss the posterior cluster -the fenestra ovalis (FO), the metotic foramen (MF), and the foramina for CN XII. Following Gower and Weber (1998) and Sobral et al (2012), we suggest avoiding the terms "jugular vein" and "jugular foramen". It appears that ankylosaurs plesiomorphically share an undivided MF that was traversed by CN IX-XI, the perilymphatic duct, and probably the posterior cerebral vein.…”

Section: Distribution Of Braincase Characters In Ankylosauriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The braincase of <em>Bissektipelta archibaldi</em> — new insights into endocranial osteology, vasculature, and paleoneurobiology of ankylosaurian dinosaurs

Kuzmin

Petrov²,

Averianov

et al. 2020

BioComm

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We describe in detail three braincases of the ankylosaur Bissektipelta archibaldi from the Late Cretaceous (Turonian) of Uzbekistan with the aid of computed tomography, segmentation, and 3D modeling. Bissektipelta archibaldi is confirmed as a valid taxon and attributed to Ankylosaurinae based on the results of a phylogenetic analysis. The topographic relationships between the elements forming the braincase are determined using a newly referred specimen with preserved sutures, which is an exceedingly rare condition for ankylosaurs. The mesethmoid appears to be a separate ossification in the newly referred specimen ZIN PH 281/16. We revise and discuss features of the neurocranial osteology in Ankylosauria and propose new diagnostic characters for a number of its subclades. We present a 3D model of the braincase vasculature of Bissektipelta and comment on vascular patterns of armored dinosaurs. A complex vascular network piercing the skull roof and the wall of the braincase is reported for ankylosaurs for the first time. We imply the presence of a lepidosaur-like dorsal head vein and the venous parietal sinus in the adductor cavity of Bissektipelta. We suggest that the presence of the dorsal head vein in dinosaurs is a plesiomorphic diapsid trait, and extant archosaur groups independently lost the vessel. A study of two complete endocranial casts of Bissektipelta allowed us to compare endocranial anatomy within Ankylosauria and infer an extremely developed sense of smell, a keen sense of hearing at lower frequencies (100–3000 Hz), and the presence of physiological mechanisms for precise temperature control of neurosensory tissues at least in derived ankylosaurids.

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“…9A). Sobral et al (2012) arrived at a similar conclusion regarding the pathway of the posterior cerebral vein in the ornithopod Dysalotosaurus.…”

Section: Palaeontologymentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Palaeontologymentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Palaeontologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Distribution Of Braincase Characters In Ankylosauriamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The braincase of <em>Bissektipelta archibaldi</em> — new insights into endocranial osteology, vasculature, and paleoneurobiology of ankylosaurian dinosaurs

Kuzmin

Petrov²,

Averianov

et al. 2020

BioComm

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The relatively equal size of the ASC and PSC in the endosseous labyrinths reconstructed for P. fergusi is consistent with these interpretations. The relatively equal size of the ASC and PSC in phytosaurs has been suggested to be indicative of limited neck movement and semi‐aquatic habitat (Sobral & Müller ). However, this seems unlikely as extant crocodiles inhabit semi‐aquatic ecosystems and have relatively limited neck movements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocranial anatomy and life habits of the Early Triassic archosauriformProterosuchus fergusi

et al. 2019

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Proterosuchids are an important group of carnivorous basal archosauriforms characterized by a bizarre and enigmatic downturned premaxilla that overhangs the lower jaw. They are particularly significant because they radiated in the immediate aftermath of the Permian–Triassic mass extinction and represent one of the best known ‘disaster taxa’ following that event. While traditionally considered to be semi‐aquatic, recent histological studies and geological data have suggested that it is more likely that they inhabited terrestrial environments. By using computed tomographic (CT) data, we virtually reconstruct the brain endocast and endosseous labyrinths of two adult specimens of Proterosuchus fergusi from the earliest Triassic of South Africa, in an attempt to understand its life habits within the context of basal archosauriform evolution. Endocasts reveal that the brain cavity is tubular in shape and the endosseous labyrinths are highly pyramidal. The angle of the lateral semicircular canal suggests that P. fergusi naturally held its head upwards ~17°, while the length of the cochlear duct suggests its auditory abilities were specialized towards low‐frequency sounds. Furthermore, beam theory analysis suggests that the rostrum of P. fergusi is highly resistant to both bending and torsion when compared to modern crocodilians, although this resistance is neither enhanced nor reduced by the overhanging premaxilla. Comparative anatomical analyses suggest P. fergusi was probably a semi‐aquatic, generalist apex predator capable of surviving the harsh environmental perturbations of the Early Triassic.

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Paleoneurology of Baurusuchus (Crocodyliformes: Baurusuchidae), ontogenetic variation, brain size, and sensorial implications

Dumont

Santucci

Andrade

et al. 2020

The Anatomical Record

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Knowledge on crocodyliform paleoneurology has significantly improved with development of computed tomography. However, studies so far have been able to reconstruct brain endocasts based only on single specimens for each taxon. Here for the first time, we reconstructed brain endocasts for multiple fossil specimens of the same crocodyliform taxon (Baurusuchus), consisting of complete skulls of two medium sized specimens, one large adult, and a late juvenile. In addition, we were able to reconstruct the inner ear anatomy of a fragmentary skull using microtomography. We present estimates of brain size using simple models, based on modern Crocodylia, able to adapt brain to endocranial cavity ratios to expected ontogenetic variation instead of using fixed ratios. We also analyzed relative brain sizes, olfactory ratios, facial sensation, alert head posture, best hearing frequencies, and hearing range. The calculated endocranial volumes showed that they can be greatly altered by taphonomic processes, altering both total and partial endocranial volumes. Reconstructed endocasts are compatible with different degrees of occupation along the endocranial cavity and some of their characteristics might be useful as phylogenetic characters. The relative brain size of Baurusuchus seems to be small in comparison to modern crocodilians. Sensorial abilities were somewhat similar to modern crocodilians and hearing ranges and best mean frequencies remarkably similar to modern taxa, whereas olfactory ratio values are a little higher. Differing from its modern relatives, Baurusuchus hypothesized alert head posture is compatible with a terrestrial habit.

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Archosaurs and Their Kin: The Ruling Reptiles

Cited by 11 publications

References 91 publications

The braincase of <em>Bissektipelta archibaldi</em> — new insights into endocranial osteology, vasculature, and paleoneurobiology of ankylosaurian dinosaurs

The braincase of <em>Bissektipelta archibaldi</em> — new insights into endocranial osteology, vasculature, and paleoneurobiology of ankylosaurian dinosaurs

Endocranial anatomy and life habits of the Early Triassic archosauriformProterosuchus fergusi

Paleoneurology of Baurusuchus (Crocodyliformes: Baurusuchidae), ontogenetic variation, brain size, and sensorial implications

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