Architecture of the Blood Vessels

Gao, Yuansheng

doi:10.1007/978-981-10-4810-4_1

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 27 publications

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“…The cardiovascular system comprises the heart and three distinct types of blood vessels[ 2 ]. The inner surface of blood vessels is constituted by endothelial cells referred to as the tunica intima layer[ 3 ]. Endothelial cells envelop the interior of the vessel and establish interaction with the blood[ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vasorelaxant effects of biochemical constituents of various medicinal plants and their benefits in diabetes

Demirel

2024

World J Diabetes

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Endothelial function plays a pivotal role in cardiovascular health, and dysfunction in this context diminishes vasorelaxation concomitant with endothelial activity. The nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway, prostacyclin-cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathway, inhibition of phosphodiesterase, and the opening of potassium channels, coupled with the reduction of calcium levels in the cell, constitute critical mechanisms governing vasorelaxation. Cardiovascular disease stands as a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality among individuals with diabetes, with adults afflicted by diabetes exhibiting a heightened cardiovascular risk compared to their non-diabetic counterparts. A plethora of medicinal plants, characterized by potent pharmacological effects and minimal side effects, holds promise in addressing these concerns. In this review, we delineate various medicinal plants and their respective biochemical constituents, showcasing concurrent vasorelaxant and anti-diabetic activities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vasorelaxant effects of biochemical constituents of various medicinal plants and their benefits in diabetes

Demirel

2024

World J Diabetes

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The potential of microfluidics-enhanced extrusion bioprinting

et al. 2021

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Microfluidics-enhanced bioprinting holds great promise in the field of biofabrication as it enables the fabrication of complex constructs with high shape fidelity and utilization of a broad range of bioinks with varying viscosities. Microfluidic systems contain channels on the micrometer-scale, causing a change in fluid behaviors, enabling unconventional bioprinting applications such as facilitating the precise spatial positioning and switching between bioinks with higher accuracy compared to traditional approaches. These systems can roughly be divided into three groups: microfluidic chips, co- and triaxial printheads, and printheads combining both. Although several aspects and parameters remain to be improved, this technology is promising as it is a step toward recapitulating the complex native histoarchitecture of human tissues more precisely. In this Perspective, key research on these different systems will be discussed before moving onto the limitations and outlook of microfluidics-enhanced bioprinting as a whole.

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3D bioprinting of heterogeneous bi- and tri-layered hollow channels within gel scaffolds using scalable multi-axial microfluidic extrusion nozzle

et al. 2018

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One of the primary focuses in recent years in tissue engineering has been the fabrication and integration of vascular structures into artificial tissue constructs. However, most available methodologies lack the ability to create multi-layered concentric conduits inside natural extracellular matrices (ECMs) and gels that replicate more accurately the hierarchical architecture of biological blood vessels. In this work, we present a new microfluidic nozzle design capable of multi-axial extrusion in order to 3D print and pattern bi- and tri-layered hollow channel structures. This nozzle allows, for the first time, for these structures to be embedded within layers of gels and ECMs in a fast, simple and low-cost manner. By varying flow rates (1–6 ml min−1), printspeeds (1–16 m min−1), and material concentration (25–175 mM and 1.5%–2.5% for calcium chloride and alginate, respectively) we are able to accurately determine the operational printing range as well as achieve a wide range of conduit dimensions (0.69–2.31 mm) that can be printed within a few seconds. Our scalable design allows for multi-axial extrusion and versatility in material incorporation in order to create heterogeneous structures. We demonstrate the ability to print distinct concentric layers of different cell types, namely endothelial cells and fibroblasts. By incorporating various layers of different cell-friendly materials (such as collagen and fibrin) alongside materials with high mechanical strength (i.e. alginate), we were able to increase long-term cell viability and growth without compromising the structural integrity. In this way, we can improve cellular adhesion in our biocompatible constructs as well as allow them to remain structurally sound. We are able to realize complex heterogeneous, hierarchical architectures that have strong potential for use not only in vascular tissue applications, but also in other artificially fabricated tubular or fiber-like structures such as skeletal muscle or nerve conduits.

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Architecture of the Blood Vessels

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

Vasorelaxant effects of biochemical constituents of various medicinal plants and their benefits in diabetes

Vasorelaxant effects of biochemical constituents of various medicinal plants and their benefits in diabetes

The potential of microfluidics-enhanced extrusion bioprinting

3D bioprinting of heterogeneous bi- and tri-layered hollow channels within gel scaffolds using scalable multi-axial microfluidic extrusion nozzle

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