Architecture of polymer particles composed of brush structure at surfaces and construction of colloidal crystals

Light-Controlled Radical Polymerization: Mechanisms, Methods, and Applications

“…With spherical colloidal core particles prepared in different sizes, Ishizu and co-workers applied copper-mediated photopolymerization from dithiocarbamates to graft polymer brushes. 368,369 Using TiO 2 nanoparticles as photoactive materials to generate Cu(I) species from a Cu(II) precursor, Zhou and co-workers reported a UV-light-promoted photo-ATRP reaction from Cu II / L and applied this polymerization to yield polymer brushes on the surface of TiO 2 particles with controllable thickness, composition, and architecture. 240 Jain and others performed polymerizations from the surface of titania/reduced graphene oxide (TiO 2 /rGO) nanocomposites using a visible-light controlled photo-ATRP reaction.…”

Permanent locking of colloidal crystals composed of core‐brush polymeric nanoparticles

“…As discussed in our previous work , synthesizing CBPs by graft polymerization of MMA initiated by a CSP macroinitiator under UV irradiation often leads to macrogelation owing to intermolecular radical couplings. Accordingly, CBP‐2VP was synthesized by photo‐polymerization of 2VP using CBPs as macroinitiators in the presence of TD under high vacuum (see Scheme ).…”

“…This was followed by the formation of a grafted polymer brush prepared by photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The particle sizes (number‐average particle diameter D n = 190–300 nm) were controlled by varying the temperature, and the size distribution was extremely narrow (D w /D n = ∼1.0001) . By varying the particle size of the colloidal crystals, their brilliant color could be varied throughout the visible spectrum.…”

Preparation of core–shell particles by surface-initiated cycloketyl radical mediated living polymerization

“…[1][2][3][4][5] The growing range and specificity of applications are connected to successes in preparing polymeric particles with diverse chemical compositions, morphologies and functions. 19,24,25 Fortunately, these drawbacks can be overcome by the introduction of the burgeoning controlled/living radical polymerization (CLRP) methods, such as nitroxide-mediated polymerization(NMP), [15][16][17][18] atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT). [4][5][6][7][8] Among the diversified techniques for preparing core-shell polymeric particles, a most common and versatile route is to graft polymer brushes by surface-initiated radical polymerization from pre-synthesized particles that bear initiator sites.…”

“…This method suffers from non-uniform grafted chain lengths and the inevitable formation of free ungrafted chains when conventional radical polymerization is utilized. 19,24,25 Fortunately, these drawbacks can be overcome by the introduction of the burgeoning controlled/living radical polymerization (CLRP) methods, such as nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP), [15][16][17][18] atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT). [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] Surface-initiated CLRP makes it possible to achieve deliberate control over the grafted chain length, shell thickness and structural uniformity as well as the elimination of free homopolymer formation in the synthesis of core-shell particles.…”