Architecture and mineralization of developing trabecular bone in the pig mandibular condyle

Mulder, Lars; Koolstra, J.H.; Weijs, W.A.; Eijden, T.M.G.J. van

doi:10.1002/ar.a.20208

Cited by 43 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Between these stages, changes in trabecular architecture, without altering the bone volume fraction has occurred. 18,19 These changes included an increase in thickness of the trabecular elements, a reduction in their numbers, and a doubling of the intertrabecular spacing (Table 1). Furthermore, the average DMB had increased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding bone tissue, these properties depend on the degree and distribution of mineralization. It has been shown that mineralization is not homogeneously distributed over the trabecular bone tissue of, for example, developing bone (pig mandible 18,19 ) and mature bone (rabbit femur 1 ; human mandibular condyle 33 ). The degree of mineralization appears to increase systematically from the surface of the trabeculae towards their centers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, to investigate how these are altered during development. 18,19 To pursue these goals, finite element models of specimens from the mandibular condyle of developing pigs were analyzed. Their geometry had been modeled according to high-resolution microCT reconstructions (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Mineralization on Intratrabecular Stress and Strain Distribution in Developing Trabecular Bone

et al. 2007

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Abstract-The load-transfer pathway in trabecular bone is largely determined by its architecture. However, the influence of variations in mineralization is not known. The goal of this study was to examine the influence of inhomogeneously distributed degrees of mineralization (DMB) on intratrabecular stresses and strains. Cubic mandibular condylar bone specimens from fetal and newborn pigs were used. Finite element models were constructed, in which the element tissue moduli were scaled to the local DMB. Disregarding the observed distribution of mineralization was associated with an overestimation of average equivalent strain and underestimation of von Mises equivalent stress. From the surface of trabecular elements towards their core the strain decreased irrespective of tissue stiffness distribution. This indicates that the trabecular elements were bent during the compression experiment. Inhomogeneously distributed tissue stiffness resulted in a low stress at the surface that increased towards the core. In contrast, disregarding this tissue stiffness distribution resulted in high stress at the surface which decreased towards the core. It was concluded that the increased DMB, together with concurring alterations in architecture, during development leads to a structure which is able to resist increasing loads without an increase in average deformation, which may lead to damage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Mineralization on Intratrabecular Stress and Strain Distribution in Developing Trabecular Bone

et al. 2007

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“…For ontogenetic studies, the lower mineralization of bone (Mulder et al, 2005;Mulder and Koolstra, 2006) would be expected to lead to greater shrinkage (and artifacts) in histological sections compared with measures taken from mCT. This may lead to an inaccurate assessment of the maturity of the specimens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…across extinct and extant species (Swartz et al, 1998;Fajardo and Mü ller, 2001;Ketcham, 2002a, 2002b), between bones (Mullender et al, 1996;Swartz et al, 1998;Fajardo and Mü ller, 2001;Macho et al, 2005), during early development (Glorieux et al, 2000;Salle et al, 2002;Mulder et al, 2005;Mulder and Koolstra, 2006), and as part of the aging process (Rehman et al, 1994;Thomsen et al, 2002aThomsen et al, , 2002bCvijanovic et al, 2004;Macho et al, 2005). It would appear that a minimum thickness must be attained prenatally before mineralization commences (Mulder et al, 2005;Mulder and Koolstra, 2006), while failure to achieve this minimum bone maturity before birth may result in long-term effects on bone structure and density (Backström et al, 2005). Conversely, loss of bone mass in adulthood may be compensated for by an increase in thickness of the remaining trabeculae (Frost, 1999;Macho et al, 2005;Stauber and Mü ller, 2006a).…”

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Automated method to measure trabecular thickness from microcomputed tomographic scans and its application

et al. 2006

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Trabeculae form the internal bony mesh work and provide strength to the bone; interconnectivity, overall density, and trabecular thickness are important measures of the integrity of the internal architecture. Such strength is achieved only gradually during ontogeny, whereby an increase in trabecular thickness precedes an increase in mineralization. Loss of bone mass later in life may be compensated for by thickening of the remaining trabeculae. These facts, and the role of trabeculae in mineral homeostasis, highlight the importance of investigating trabecular thickness within and between species. While nondestructive imaging techniques (i.e., mCT and MRI) are becoming increasingly popular, quantification of trabecular thickness using nondestructive techniques has proved difficult owing to limitations imposed by scanning parameters, uniform thresholding, and partial volume averaging. Here we present a computer application, which aims to overcome these problems. Validation is carried out against a phantom and against trabecular thickness measured in corresponding histological sections. Good agreement was found between these measurements. Furthermore, when trabecular thickness is recorded for modern human fetal ilia, a trend toward trabecular thickness increase is found and is in line with reports of ontogenetic morphometric changes using histological sections. However, there are discrepancies. These may in part be due to partial volume effects of obliquely oriented structures. More crucial, however, are problems inherent in histological sections, e.g., shrinkage and distortion, especially where differences in mineralization are concerned; this may affect biological interpretations. Anat Rec Part A, 288A: 982-988, 2006.2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Characterization of Ultralow‐Density Cellular Solids: Lessons from 30 years of Bone Biomechanics Research

2021

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Recent advances in manufacturing of microarchitectured materials have begun to overcome longstanding challenges in materials engineering to create porous materials that are simultaneously lightweight, strong, stiff, and flaw-tolerant. Novel manufacturing techniques now enable materials with lattice structures to be constructed at lower densities with higher resolutions than previously possible. In parallel, extensive materials characterization of lightweight porous biological materials-such as bone, wood, bamboo, and sponges-has enabled identification of common strategies to achieve high specific stiffness, strength, and impact energy absorption. [1,2] Although the details of the structures of these materials vary considerably, these key mechanical properties arise from two common microstructural features: 1) a multiscale hierarchical structure that spans the nano-to the microscale (Figure 2) and 2) tolerance of flaws below a critical characteristic material length scale. [3] Materials engineers are now poised to combine novel manufacturing techniques with biomimetic materials design strategies to develop synthetic engineering materials with properties that were previously unachievable.Understanding the load-bearing properties of these novel low-density microarchitectured materials is necessary to translate them to engineering design applications. In general, the microscale properties of the solid constituent material are known, but the millimeter-scale mechanical properties of the porous cellular solid are unknown and require assessment. Although standard experimental and computational analyses are adequate for high-and medium-density microarchitectured materials, a substantial literature from the bone biomechanics community demonstrates that 1) standard approaches can result in large errors in characterization of low-and ultralow-density porous materials, and 2) adjustments to experimental and computational methods for low-and ultralow-density porous materials improve accuracy and precision of these approaches.Solutions from the bone biomechanics community are applicable to low-density synthetic materials. We aim to offer information on the relationship between microarchitecture and mechanical properties in low-density bone that is primarily reported in the medical literature, often in the context of bone biology or clinical research and not summarized in a manner that is immediately useful to materials scientists. The goal of this article is to provide a review of the past 30 years of cancellous bone biomechanics with the intent of presenting an example of methodologies for characterizing the structure and mechanical performance of a low-density porous microarchitectured material. In particular, we answer three key questions: 1

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Architecture and mineralization of developing trabecular bone in the pig mandibular condyle

Cited by 43 publications

References 37 publications

The Influence of Mineralization on Intratrabecular Stress and Strain Distribution in Developing Trabecular Bone

The Influence of Mineralization on Intratrabecular Stress and Strain Distribution in Developing Trabecular Bone

Automated method to measure trabecular thickness from microcomputed tomographic scans and its application

Characterization of Ultralow‐Density Cellular Solids: Lessons from 30 years of Bone Biomechanics Research

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