Architectural–landsystem analysis of a modern glacial landscape, Sólheimajökull, southern Iceland

Slomka, Jessica M.; Eyles, Carolyn H.

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.11.006

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Most of the other diamict encountered in the study Pagination not final (cite DOI) / Pagination provisoire (citer le DOI) area are less compacted, and they, together with stratified mud, sand, and gravel, are interpreted as ice-marginal debris flow and glaciofluvial sediment deposited during the Port Bruce and Erie phases (undifferentiated event d/e; Fig. 9), similar to the deposits of the ice-contact land systems tract described in a modern glacial landscape of Iceland by Slomka and Eyles (2015).…”

Section: Geological Conceptual Model Of the Paris Morainesupporting

confidence: 56%

“…The meltwater and ice-marginal debris flows also created the frontslope icecontact fans mapped at site ARS-1A (event f; Fig. 9) (Sadura et al 2006;Slomka and Eyles 2015). During this phase, erosional channelized breaches (Karrow 1987) or moraine gap elements formed in several places along the moraine front (Fig.…”

Section: Geological Conceptual Model Of the Paris Morainementioning

confidence: 97%

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Subsurface heterogeneity in the geological and hydraulic properties of the hummocky Paris Moraine, Guelph, Ontario

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The advance and retreat of ice lobe margins of the Laurentide Ice Sheet formed moraines that are a prevalent feature throughout southwestern Ontario. In contrast to the well-studied stratified moraine complexes, recessional and end moraines have largely been ignored in the context of hydrogeological studies. Recent urban growth has led to development pressures on these moraines and a need to better understand their hydrogeology. This study presents data sets from the Paris Moraine near Guelph, Ontario, to examine its geomorphology, internal composition, and the corresponding hydraulic properties of these ice-marginal features. The moraine's geomorphic elements were mapped using high-resolution Global Positioning System transects, aerial photograph analysis, and ground truthing. Nine continuous sediment cores were recovered to determine the nature and distribution of subsurface sedimentary units and their relation to the regional stratigraphic framework. Cores were described in detail using standard sedimentological techniques, and significant sediment heterogeneity was observed in cross sections. Grain-size analyses of over 150 samples provide site-specific estimates of saturated hydraulic conductivity. In addition, saturated hydraulic conductivity was measured on 104 samples using the falling head permeameter method. This study found that different scales of sediment heterogeneity occur across the moraine and the associated till plain and outwash. In contrast, the hydraulic conductivity varies much less. It is expected that certain sedimentary units at specific depths will impact groundwater flow at the centimetre to hundreds of metres scale, which is significant in environmental site assessments or for understanding contaminant hydrogeological problems.Résumé : L'avancée et le retrait des marges de lobes de la callotte glaciaire Laurentidien ont formé des moraines qui constituent un élément bien en évidence dans tout le sud-ouest de l'Ontario. Contrairement aux complexes de moraines stratifiées bien étudiés, les moraines terminales et de retrait n'ont pas fait l'objet de beaucoup d'études hydrogéologiques. L'urbanisation récente a mené à des pressions d'aménagement sur ces moraines et la nécessité de mieux comprendre leur hydrogéologie. L'étude présente des ensembles de données sur la moraine de Paris, près de Guelph (Ontario), afin d'examiner sa géomorphologie, sa composition interne et les propriétés hydrauliques correspondantes de ces éléments glaciaires marginaux. Les éléments géomorphologiques de la moraine ont été cartographiés par des transects GPS de haute résolution, l'analyse de photographies aériennes et des vérifications au sol. Neuf carottes de sédiments continues ont été obtenues dans le but d'établir la nature et la répartition des unités sédimentaires du sous-sol et leur relation avec le cadre stratigraphique régional. Les carottes ont été décrites en détail par des techniques sédimentologiques normalisées, et une importante hétérogénéité des sédiments a été observée dans les coupes. L...

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Section: Geological Conceptual Model Of the Paris Morainesupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Geological Conceptual Model Of the Paris Morainementioning

confidence: 97%

Subsurface heterogeneity in the geological and hydraulic properties of the hummocky Paris Moraine, Guelph, Ontario

et al. 2018

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“…However, only two jökulhlaups (in 1934 and 1999) are reported since the end of the LIA (Björnsson, 2002;Tweed, 2000). The geomorphological impacts of the last jökulhlaup (July 1999) have been extensively studied (Roberts et al, 2003;Roberts, Russell, Tweed, & Knudsen, 2000;Russell et al, 2010Russell et al, , 2003Slomka & Eyles, 2015;Tweed, 2000).…”

Section: Deviation To the Dominant Outwash Adjustment Model: Jökulhmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incision and aggradation in proglacial rivers: Post‐Little Ice Age long‐profile adjustments of Southern Iceland outwash plains

et al. 2018

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The retreat of glaciers in response to climate warming leads to substantial changes in meltwater and sediment yield. Glacial shrinkage also induces the emergence and growth of proglacial margin landforms, which strongly affect water and sedimentary transfers from the glacier to the outwash plains. On a decadal timescale, field observations show that outwash plains of retreating glaciers typically exhibit proximal incision, which decreases in magnitude downstream and stops at an inflection point where aggradation begins. Nevertheless, there is a lack of knowledge about the rates and magnitude of this fluvial adjustment and the effects of the proglacial margin configuration on the temperance or the aggravation of this fluvial adjustment to glacier retreat. This paper investigates the proglacial rivers of 14 retreating glaciers in south‐east Iceland over a post‐Little Ice Age timescale, combining fluvial deposits mapping, lichenometric dating, and long‐profile measurements of proglacial fluvial terraces. Our results demonstrate that (a) proximal incision, associated with distal aggradation and downstream migration of the inflection point, is the dominant pattern of proglacial river response to post‐Little Ice Age glacier retreat in Iceland; (b) estimated mean rates of downstream migration of the inflection point range between 5 and 46 m·a−1; and (c) the downstream migration rate of the inflection point is positively correlated with the proportion of proglacial lakes within the glacier foreland. These findings suggest that proglacial margins dominated by proglacial lakes intensify the rates of proximal incision and inflection point migration.

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“…After a more or less continuous retreat from their LIA terminal positions during the most of the 20th century, most Icelandic outlet glaciers experienced a minor re-advance during the last quarter of the 20th century that generally culminated about 1995 (Sigurdsson, 2003). During the following accelerated retreat (Sigurdsson, 2013), drumlins have been revealed at the margins of some Icelandic glaciers, including Múlajökull (Johnson and others, 2010; Jónsson and others, 2014), Sólheimajökull (Schomacker and others, 2012; Slomka and Eyles, 2015), Breiðamerkurjökull (Evans and Twigg, 2002), Sléttjökull (Kjær and others, 2003) and Skeiðarárjökull (Waller and others, 2008; Baltrūnas and others, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Submarginal drumlin formation and late Holocene history of Fláajökull, southeast Iceland

et al. 2016

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ABSTRACT. Fláajökull is a non-surging outlet glacier draining the south-eastern part of the Vatnajökull, southeast Iceland. Fláajökull was stationary or advanced slightly between 1966 and 1995 and formed a prominent end moraine. Glacial retreat since then has revealed a cluster of 15 drumlins. This study focuses on the morphology and sedimentology of the drumlins. They are 100-600 m long, 40-130 m wide, and have cores of glaciofluvial sediment or till. The drumlins are draped by ∼1 m thick, massive subglacial traction till. The glacier forefield is characterized by a number of arcuate and saw-tooth, terminal and recessional moraine ridges, overridden moraines with fluted surfaces, and glaciofluvial outwash. Some of the drumlins extend towards the 1995 end moraine but terminate abruptly at the moraine and are not observed in front of it. This suggests that they were formed sub-marginally during the 1966-1995 terminal position. The sedimentary structure of the drumlins is best explained by the sticky spot model. Dating and dendrochronological analyses of birch logs found on the surface of one of the drumlins indicate that the valley was forested about 2100 calendar year BP, after which the glacier started to reform, possibly due to an abrupt change in climate.

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Architectural–landsystem analysis of a modern glacial landscape, Sólheimajökull, southern Iceland

Cited by 11 publications

References 59 publications

Subsurface heterogeneity in the geological and hydraulic properties of the hummocky Paris Moraine, Guelph, Ontario

Subsurface heterogeneity in the geological and hydraulic properties of the hummocky Paris Moraine, Guelph, Ontario

Incision and aggradation in proglacial rivers: Post‐Little Ice Age long‐profile adjustments of Southern Iceland outwash plains

Submarginal drumlin formation and late Holocene history of Fláajökull, southeast Iceland

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