Architectural energetics for rammed-earth compaction in the context of Neolithic to early Bronze Age urban sites in Middle Yellow River Valley, China

Xie, Lin; Wang, Duo; Zhao, Haitao; Jiang-tao, Gao; Gallo, Tiziana

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2020.105303

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…China focused more on facilitating social changes than demonstrating power. This methodology can be applied to estimate labour costs for earthen structures and enable comparative studies across time and space concerning the relationship between massive earthen construction and social-political transformation [7]. Earthen construction dates back to 11,000 years, rammed earth, introduced in Tunisia in 814 BC, gained prominence in France's Rhône-Alpes Region due to its rich soil composition.…”

Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stabilzed Rammed Earth- A Review

R K

2024

IJSREM

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Rammed earth construction has gained prominence as a sustainable building technique due to its eco-friendly nature and aesthetic appeal. However, ensuring the long-term durability of rammed earth structures remains a critical challenge. This paper investigates the efficacy of incorporating stabilizers, including cement, bagasse ash, and glass fibers, to address these concerns and enhance the performance of rammed earth structures. Drawing upon extensive research and experimentation, the paper examines the impact of stabilizers on material composition, structural integrity, and long-term durability. Through comparative analysis and empirical studies, the effectiveness of various stabilizers in improving compressive strength and resistance to weathering is evaluated. The role of cement as a traditional stabilizer is scrutinized, alongside emerging alternatives such as bagasse ash, a byproduct of sugarcane processing, and innovative additives like glass fibers. Furthermore, the paper investigates the influence of stabilizer incorporation on construction practices and life cycle considerations. Key factors such as cost-effectiveness, sustainability, and compatibility with traditional rammed earth methods are analyzed to provide comprehensive guidance for practitioners and researchers. The findings highlight promising avenues for enhancing the durability and compressive strength of rammed earth structures through stabilizer utilization. Practical recommendations are offered for implementing these strategies in real-world construction projects, emphasizing the potential for innovation and sustainability in contemporary architectural practice. Keywords: · Stabilized Rammed Earth · Un-Stabilized Rammed Earth

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Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stabilzed Rammed Earth- A Review

R K

2024

IJSREM

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“…Wu Bao originated from the border area of the Western Han Dynasty, and this form of construction was introduced to Ninghua County of Fujian during the migration of the northern people to the south [20]. According to archaeological discoveries, the tamping technology of the Tubao was also inherited from the mature plate construction technology in the Yellow River Valley during the Han Dynasty [62]. The feng shui concepts such as "getting water is superior", "rich water should not be let out", and "water returns to the hall in all four directions" followed by the Tubao, as well as the spatial arrangement that places the ancestral hall in the center, are all in the same lineage with the Central Plains clan ritual concepts.…”

Section: Cultural Inheritance Of the Northern People's Migration To T...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Architectural Spatial Characteristics of Fujian Tubao from the Perspective of Chinese Traditional Ethical Culture

Lin,

2023

Buildings

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Ethics was used as a building code in ancient China, not only to guide the construction of cities and buildings but also to define a strict hierarchy of architectural characteristics. The Fujian Tubao is a unique vernacular architecture and defensive rammed earth dwelling in China. The existing research on architectural spatial characteristics from the perspective of traditional ethical culture focuses on official architecture and residential-oriented vernacular architecture, and research on defensive dwellings has not yet been carried out. Based on data from our field research over the last ten years and 11 case studies, this paper constructs a research framework through five aspects, the spatial axis, functional arrangement, building volume, settlement pattern, and defense system, and analyzes the architectural spatial characteristics of Tubao under the ethical perspective. We find that although the Fujian Tubao is a rammed earth dwelling with mainly defensive functions, it also follows the traditional Chinese ethical concept of “clear-cut hierarchy and order of superiority and inferiority”; however, because of its special defense performance, it has added practical and defensive space to the traditional dwelling arrangement pattern. This study helps to provide a manual for the restoration and sustainable development of the vernacular architecture heritage of the southeastern coastal regions of China.

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“…Earthen heritage constitutes a signi cant category in the World Heritage list, accounting for 10% of the total entries [10]. During the Central Plains Dynasties in China, rammed earth technology was widely used in large constructions like the Great Wall [11]. Most earthen sites, having been exposed to natural environmental factors such as wind, rain, and temperature variations over long periods, are progressively deteriorating [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of Deterioration and Analysis of Vegetation Impact Effects on the South Palace Wall of Weiyang Palace

Gao,

Tao,

Chen

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Weiyang Palace, as the royal palace of the Western Han Dynasty, is a part of the Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor on the World Heritage list. The south palace wall of Weiyang Palace is a well-preserved earthen site within the palace, but it is undergoing continuous deterioration due to the influence of vegetation and external environmental factors. This study pioneers the integration of high-resolution three-dimensional LiDAR scanning with multi-source data analysis, including unprecedented on-site botanical surveys, to elucidate the nuanced impacts of different vegetation types on the structural integrity of the south palace wall. Through contour line analysis and facade grid analysis, we extracted the deterioration locations of typical sections of the earthen sites. And we classified the overlying vegetation types on the wall using an object-oriented classification algorithm. Our findings reveal a complex interaction between vegetation and earthen structures: paper mulberry exhibits protective qualities against erosion, while ziziphus jujuba significantly exacerbates structural vulnerabilities by inducing cracks. Methods employed in this study for extracting earthen site deterioration and combining multi-source spatial data analysis can serve as a technical application model for monitoring and analyzing the driving forces of surface earthen sites along the entire Silk Road network, thereby better guiding the conservation of earthen sites.

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Architectural energetics for rammed-earth compaction in the context of Neolithic to early Bronze Age urban sites in Middle Yellow River Valley, China

Cited by 16 publications

References 11 publications

Stabilzed Rammed Earth- A Review

Stabilzed Rammed Earth- A Review

Architectural Spatial Characteristics of Fujian Tubao from the Perspective of Chinese Traditional Ethical Culture

Extraction of Deterioration and Analysis of Vegetation Impact Effects on the South Palace Wall of Weiyang Palace

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