Archaeoseismic record at the ancient Roman City of Baelo Claudia (Cádiz, south Spain)

Silva, Pablo G.; Borja, Francisco; Cardeña, Caridad Zazo; Goy, José Luis Goy; Bardajı́, Teresa; Luque, Luís; Lario, Javier; Dabrio, Cristino J.

doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2005.05.031

Cited by 70 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Algeciras and Bolonia, Fig. 1) apparent archaeoseismic evidence is reported (Alonso et al, 2004;Arteaga and Gonzalez, 2004) for this event, and its calibrated age is close to the archaeological evidence of earthquake occurrence at the ancient Roman city of Baelo Claudiain Bolonia Bay (Silva et al, 2005(Silva et al, , 2009Becker-Heidmann et al, 2007). However these authors …”

Section: Conclusion: On-shore Catalogue Of Palaeotsunami and Recurresupporting

confidence: 58%

Holocene palaeotsunami catalogue of SW Iberia

Lario

Cardeña

Goy

et al. 2011

Quaternary International

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Many on-shore studies focused on high energy marine events occurred in the Gulf of Cadiz have been published since the 1990s. Most of the findings came from sedimentary, palaeontological and geomor phological records on estuaries, marshes, beach-barriers (spit-bars), and some coastal lowlands. Recent off-shore investigations in SW Iberia considered turbidite deposits as a proxy to recognise palae oearthquakes in this zone. The comparison of datasets from both on-shore and off-shore records indicate that at least five tsunami events generated by strong earthquakes affected this area during the last 7000 years, previous to the more recent and well-documented 1755 AD Lisbon earthquake tsunami event. The catalogue of Holocene palaeotsunami presented here is supported by geological and geomorphological evidences, but also for archaeoseismic and palaeoseismic evidence and written reports for the more recent events occurred during historical times. The recurrence interval for these catastrophic events can be bracketed between 1200 and 1500 years.

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Section: Conclusion: On-shore Catalogue Of Palaeotsunami and Recurresupporting

confidence: 58%

Holocene palaeotsunami catalogue of SW Iberia

Lario

Cardeña

Goy

et al. 2011

Quaternary International

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“…Desde inicios de los años ochenta estas discontinuidades arqueológicas fueron ligadas a la ocurrencia de eventos sísmicos (Meanteau et al, 1983;Sillières, 1997). Estudios posteriores (Silva et al, 2005;Grützner et al, 2012) claramente indican a la ocurrencia de dos terremotos (40-60 AD y 260-290 AD) como los sucesos más decisivos en la historia del urbanismo de esta antigua ciudad romana (Silva y Rodríguez-Pascua, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…La Figura 2 muestra una reconstrucción paleogeográfica de Baelo Claudia tras su reconstrucción en la segunda mitad del siglo I DC, en la que el único elemento no existente sería el extenso coluvión post-romano que enterraba la ciudad antes de su excavación (Silva et al, 2009). Los datos arqueológicos indican que la mayoría de edificios públicos comenzaron a construirse en el 40-50 AD y su construcción estaba completamente finalizada en el 70-80 AD, fechas entre las que se sitúa el primer evento sísmico que afectó a la ciudad (Silva et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…El análisis geoarqueológico de los sondeos geotécni-cos realizados en la ciudad indican que ese primer periodo de destrucción puede ligarse a un evento sísmico que afectó gravemente a la parte baja de la ciudad (Silva et al, 2005) y al conjunto de su recinto amurallado que quedó destruido en sus dos terceras partes (Sillières, 1997). Silva et al (2005) identifican un horizonte de demolición romano, sobre el cual se reedifica y expande la antigua ciudad romana. Los trabajos de reconstrucción de la ciudad y renivelación del terreno afectaron a no menos de 500 m 2 de la zona baja del recinto urbano.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…No obstante, en torno a los años 260-290 AD la antigua ciudad romana sufre un nuevo periodo de destrucción que diferentes autores (Sillières, 1997;Silva et al, 2005;Grützner et al, 2012) atribuyen a un fuerte terremoto de intensidad ≤ VIII EMS que afectó a todo el conjunto amurallado y zona monumental de la ciudad. Las deformaciones generadas en monumentos y edificaciones por este segundo Fig.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Los terremotos antiguos del conjunto arqueológico romano de <em>Baelo Claudia</em> (Cádiz, Sur de España): Quince años de investigación arqueosismológica

Silva¹,

Giner-Robles²,

Reicherter³

et al. 2016

Estud. geol.

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Evidence of high‐energy events in shelly layers interbedded in coastal Holocene sands in Cadiz Bay (south‐west Spain)

Mas

Juan

González

2009

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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In some present-day coastal areas, recent inactive deposits now outside the reach of sea agents can be observed. These deposits, although formed under different climatic and sea level conditions, often show similar facies to current littoral deposits. They are frequently interpreted as old dunes and beach ridges, or as abandoned spit bars, representative of previous dynamic stages. Nevertheless, in coastal areas which have been subjected to highly-energetic events similar deposits can also be found. When a dynamic event acts on several adjacent environments, the transported and re-deposited sediments can create homogeneous deposits with similar facies, that are easily confused.In this work, shelly layers interbedded in relict littoral sands located in the La Algaida pinewood, on the edge of the Rio San Pedro tidal channel, in Cadiz Bay (south-west Spain) have been studied. The main constituents of the shelly beds are Glycimeris valves, organisms which are no longer found as live specimens in the present-day sea bed of Cadiz Bay.From their appearance, the origin of these shelly beds could be related to sea washovers generated by tidal or storm action, but their disposition and height over the present sea level implies that even higher energy agents were involved in their formation, such as major storms or tsunami waves. The most significant process was the mobilization of the sub-tidal and littoral sediments and their dispersal and re-sedimentation, both lengthways and widthways of the coast, giving way to homogeneous sandy deposits in all littoral environments some of which are now outside the reach of current sea agents. The exception is the presentday shore of the San Pedro tidal channel, where the sediments are being reworked by tidal and small wave action.If the proximity of the study zone to the limit of the African and Iberian plates is considered, where several historical earthquakes and tsunamis have taken place, it is possible to think that these deposits could be a consequence of sporadic and successive washovers, generated by tsunamis occurring between AD 800 and AD 1200. Sedimentological and historical data indicate an increase in seismic and tsunami activity during this period of time, while the shelly layers would be the consequence of the most intense pulses occurring during these high-energy events. Figure 5. Corresponding section of the lowest shelly layers. (A) and (A′) Close-up of the outcrops (Station 5). (B) Overlying sandy deposit.Figure 6. Sands and upper shelly layer, corresponding to Station 3. (A) Image of the outcrop. (B) Section at Station 3. (C) Close-up of the shelly level. (D) Grain-size distribution of the sandy sediments in this stretch.

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Archaeoseismic record at the ancient Roman City of Baelo Claudia (Cádiz, south Spain)

Cited by 70 publications

References 15 publications

Holocene palaeotsunami catalogue of SW Iberia

Holocene palaeotsunami catalogue of SW Iberia

Los terremotos antiguos del conjunto arqueológico romano de <em>Baelo Claudia</em> (Cádiz, Sur de España): Quince años de investigación arqueosismológica

Evidence of high‐energy events in shelly layers interbedded in coastal Holocene sands in Cadiz Bay (south‐west Spain)

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