Archaeopteris is the earliest known modern tree

Meyer‐Berthaud, Brigitte; Scheckler, Stephen E.; Wendt, Jobst

doi:10.1038/19516

Cited by 133 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…Until the Middle to Late Devonian, they had a xerophytic appearance, indicating that they experienced the dry land as a metabolically marginal environment (see Tiffney, 1981). Key adaptations to the land, resulting among other things in great increases in plant height, were achieved by land plants during the Devonian (Chaloner & Sheerin, 1981;Bateman & DiMichele, 1994a,b;Meyer-Berthaud, Scheckler and Vendt, 1999). When tetrapods became terrestrial during the Early Carboniferous, they encountered mainly small, wingless arthropods, which served as prey rather than as significant competitors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why are there so few evolutionary transitions between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems?

Vermeij

Dudley

2000

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

152

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Insects and flowering plants have rarely invaded the sea. Explanations for this have traditionally centered on the unique shortcomings of these groups in the marine environment. We show, however, that transitions among terrestrial, freshwater, and marine environments are infrequent in all major plant and animal clades except tetrapod vertebrates. In general, well-adapted incumbents are at a competitive advantage over would-be invaders from a physically different habitat. Data on the times and places of transition are consistent with our contention that evolutionary transitions among physically different environments are most likely when incumbents in the recipient environment exist in a regime of low-intensity competition and predation, as in terrestrial communities of the middle Paleozoic or the land biotas of oceanic islands. Freshwater environments, in which inferred intensities of predation are lower than in most marine and terrestrial environments, offer less biotic resistance to invaders than do communities in the sea or on land. Most invaders respond to novel physical circumstances by shutting down their metabolic machinery, and therefore add to their subordinate status as competitors with active incumbents. Only active tetrapods, particularly those with high and endothermically driven rates of metabolism, have successfully overcome this limitation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why are there so few evolutionary transitions between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems?

Vermeij

Dudley

2000

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

152

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“…These challenges needed a number of different new structures, materials and processes; this eventually led to a rapid emergence and radiation of new species. One of the most impressive results of this process was the progymnosperm tree Archeopteris; early on, it developed a bifacial cambium and formed the earliest forests in the Devonian [149]. One of these key innovations was the cuticle, the major prerequisites for the development of superhydrophobic surfaces in plants ( figures 6 and 29).…”

Section: Evolution Of Superhydrophobicity: 450 Myr Of Trial and Errormentioning

confidence: 99%

Superhydrophobic hierarchically structured surfaces in biology: evolution, structural principles and biomimetic applications

Barthlott

Mail

Neinhuis

2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

161

188

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“…Specialized cell walls are found in many plant organs; however, the formation of secondary thickenings in vascular tissue is particularly important in the evolution of higher land plants. Well-developed vasculature was apparent in fossil trees as early as the Devonian (Meyer-Berthaud et al 1999), and has been the basis for structural support and for water transport, both essential for the large size of woody plants. In gymnosperms such as loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), only a few cell types are present in secondary xylem (Harada and Côté, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional genomics and cell wall biosynthesis in loblolly pine

et al. 2001

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Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) is the most widely planted tree species in the USA and an important tree in commercial forestry world-wide. The large genome size and long generation time of this species present obstacles to both breeding and molecular genetic analysis. Gene discovery by partial DNA sequence determination of cDNA clones is an effective means of building a knowledge base for molecular investigations of mechanisms governing aspects of pine growth and development, including the commercially relevant properties of secondary cell walls in wood. Microarray experiments utilizing pine cDNA clones can be used to gain additional information about the potential roles of expressed genes in wood formation. Different methods have been used to analyze data from first-generation pine microarrays, with differing degrees of success. Disparities in predictions of differential gene expression between cDNA sequencing experiments and microarray experiments arise from differences in the nature of the respective analyses, but both approaches provide lists of candidate genes which should be further investigated for potential roles in cell wall formation in differentiating pine secondary xylem. Some of these genes seem to be specific to pine, while others also occur in model plants such as Arabidopsis, where they could be more efficiently investigated.

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Archaeopteris is the earliest known modern tree

Cited by 133 publications

References 12 publications

Why are there so few evolutionary transitions between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems?

Why are there so few evolutionary transitions between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems?

Superhydrophobic hierarchically structured surfaces in biology: evolution, structural principles and biomimetic applications

Functional genomics and cell wall biosynthesis in loblolly pine

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