Archaeometric and Chemometric Studies Involved in the Authentication of Old Heritage Artefacts II. Old linden and poplar wood put into work

Spiridon, Petronela; Sandu, Irina Crina Anca; Nica, Liliana; Iurcovschi, Cosmin Tudor; Colbu, Dumitru Eugen; Negru, Ioan Cristinel; Vasilache, Viorica; Cristache, Raluca Anamaria; Sandu, Ion

doi:10.37358/rc.17.10.5898

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…These bands, together with 1121, 1051, and 1028 cm −1 , mainly attributable to CO vibrations in hemicelluloses, decrease significantly for the archaeological elm specimen. Those changes can be attributed to cellulose and hemicellulose degradation through aging processes and specially in our work due to the bacterial degradation [39]. The results by FTIR in this study of fresh-cut and archaeological buried stored elm wood are comparable to FTIR results to evaluate bacterial degradation in softwood [40].…”

Section: Ftir Analysessupporting

confidence: 71%

“…The peak at 1734 cm −1 belonging to the C = O group in hemicelluloses in archaeological specimen does exhibit a significant decrease in the intensity to the reference spectrum. Cellulose and hemicellulose are the first elements that are degraded during aging and with their degradation, the percentage of lignin increases [39]. Also, between 1645 and 1237 cm −1 bands of adsorbed OH, β-glucosidic bonds or conjugated C = O groups display high intensity for the archaeological specimen.…”

Section: Ftir Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of Archaeological European White Elm (Ulmus laevis) for Identifying and Characterizing the Kind of Biological Degradation

et al. 2020

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The current work aims at the study of the biological degradation of archaeological European white elm via microscopy and chemical analysis in order to identify the kind of biological degradation and characterize the state of preservation of this type of wood. Profound knowledge of the chemical constituents and biological degradation in fresh-cut and archaeological elm wood will simplify the process of restoration and conservation of the investigated artifacts. Therefore, fresh-cut and archaeological elm were compared in terms of extractive, chlorite holocellulose, α-cellulose, lignin, and ash contents. In the fresh-cut elm wood, the contents of Kürschner–Hoffer cellulose, chlorite holocellulose, α-cellulose, and hemicellulose were significantly higher than that of the archaeological elm, confirmed by the degradation of native wood hemicelluloses by erosion bacteria during soil contact. Naturally, the mass percentage of lignin increases as the amount of chlorite holocellulose in the wood decreases. These wet chemistry results were also confirmed by FTIR analysis, where bands mainly attributed to hemicellulose and cellulose decreased significantly and bands belonging to lignin display higher intensity for the archaeological specimens. Ash and cyclohexane–ethanol extract contents of archaeological elm wood were significantly higher due to the movement of mineral components arising out of the soil into the wood specimens. Based on the microscopic investigation and given the fact that wood decay fungi need oxygen to degrade wood and the investigated archaeological elm specimens were buried to a 10 m depth in the soil, we might conclude that the wood degradation was caused by erosion bacteria.

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Section: Ftir Analysessupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Ftir Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Archaeological European White Elm (Ulmus laevis) for Identifying and Characterizing the Kind of Biological Degradation

et al. 2020

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“…and radiative agents (fire and very-high temperatures, UV and gamma radiation). The two effects are the result of processes that use different mechanisms (physical-structural destruction or chemical alteration), which are regulated by the presence of one or several components with insecto-fungal, hydrophobic or fire-retardant activity that originate from the native wood (natural product) or from the use of dispersed systems for mitigating or stopping the deterioration and/or degradation by means of preservation operations (Iurcovschi et al 2017, Sandu 2008, Spiridon et al 2017.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the chemical composition of teak wood extracts in different organic solvents

Colbu¹,

Vasilache²,

Earar³

et al. 2021

iForest

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Biogeosciences and Forestry Biogeosciences and Forestry Study on the chemical composition of teak wood extracts in different organic solventsDumitru Eugen Colbu (1) , Ion Sandu (2-3-4) , Viorica Vasilache (2) , Kamel Earar (5) , Elena Daniela Paraschiv (6) , Ioan Gabriel Sandu (7) , Diana Bulgaru Iliescu (6) , Andrei Victor Sandu (7)(8) Teak wood (Tectona grandis Linn F.) is known for its high natural resistance to attack by microorganisms. For this reason, teak wood is used for restoration works. This paper provides an assessment of the extraction capacity of various organic solvents and the chemical and physical-structural characteristics of extracts of teak wood with an age of 40 years. On the basis of literature data, we selected the solvents with potential synergetic activity in preservation treatments. For this purpose we used the SEM-EDX and GC+MS methods, assisted by computerized processing software, and corroborated the data obtained from these two instrumental techniques.

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In-depth studies on the modifying effects of natural ageing on the chemical structure of European spruce (Picea abies) and silver fir (Abies alba) woods

Ghavidel

Scheglov²,

Karius

et al. 2020

J Wood Sci

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Wood is usually stable under relatively dry conditions but may still undergo slow deterioration. The type of deterioration and how these processes affect the wood are important questions that need consideration if old wooden structures are to be studied and properly preserved. The aim of this paper is to establish the main structural and morphological differences between new and naturally aged European spruce (~ 150–200 years) and silver fir wood (~ 150 years). Naturally aged European spruce (a) was sourced from an outdoor part of a building constructed in the seventeenth century and naturally aged European spruce (b) were obtained from a furniture item located in a historical building from the eighteenth century. The principal age-induced changes in fir are the degradation of C–O and C=O groups in hemicellulose, according to the FTIR analysis. Degradation of cellulose and hemicelluloses was observed for spruce, with a greater effect seen in the indoor aged sample. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that after aging C–C/C–H peaks were smaller in the spruce and fir samples, while C–O and O–C–O peaks were larger. The crystallinity index (CrI) obtained by X-ray diffraction showed that due to weathering the CrI of naturally aged spruce (a) increased compared to the new wood. The CrI of the aged spruce (b) and aged fir was lower than in the new woods. The ratios for the spruce sample, which aged indoors, were higher than those for the one aged outdoors. According to the observations made in this study, hemicellulose and cellulose are easily degraded under environmental conditions.

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Archaeometric and Chemometric Studies Involved in the Authentication of Old Heritage Artefacts II. Old linden and poplar wood put into work

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

Investigation of Archaeological European White Elm (Ulmus laevis) for Identifying and Characterizing the Kind of Biological Degradation

Investigation of Archaeological European White Elm (Ulmus laevis) for Identifying and Characterizing the Kind of Biological Degradation

Study on the chemical composition of teak wood extracts in different organic solvents

In-depth studies on the modifying effects of natural ageing on the chemical structure of European spruce (Picea abies) and silver fir (Abies alba) woods

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